Potensi Ekonomi Ekosistem Mangrove di Kabupaten Situbondo

Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui potensi ekologi ekosistem mangrove di Kabupaten Situbondo. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan melakukan analisa vegetasi dan valuasi ekonomi di ekosistem mangrove pada dua kecamatan yang memiliki hutan mangrove dengan kondisi baik yang masih luas daripada kecamatan lainnya serta berada dekat pemukiman penduduk. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 9 jenis tegakan yang tumbuh di ekosistem mangrove pada Kecamatan Kendit dan Suboh yaitu  Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora stylosa, Sonneratia caseolaris, Avicennia mariana, Avicennia alba, Excoecaria agallocha, Hibiscus tilliaceus dan Barringtonia asiatica. Mangrove di lokasi penelitian secara umum di dominasi oleh Rhizophora apiculata dengan kriteria rusak. Nilai ekonomi total (economic total value) ekosistem mangrove di kecamatan kendit dan suboh yaitu sebesar Rp. 36.871.887.856,25 / tahun (36 Milyar Rupiah/tahun) atau Rp.  81.375.285,69 /Ha/tahu

Multi-objective optimization of vehicle speed control using gravitational search algorithm for electro-mechanical continuously variable transmission

This paper describes the application of the Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) for the optimization of the vehicle speed control in the longitudinal vehicle model equipped with Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) system. In this study, multi-objective procedure which are to minimize the vehicle speed error and fuel usage has been proposed. For comparing and analysing the optimization results, CVT and Automatic Transmission (AT) are placed in the vehicle transmission model separately, and the Proportional, Integral and Derivative (PID) controller is implemented to control the vehicle speed. The simulation work is modelled and performed using MATLAB/Simulink software. Overall, the results show that the vehicle speed transient responses and fuel usage optimized by GSA are better than the values gained from PID controller