DATAMAN: A global database of methane, nitrous oxide, and ammonia emission factors for livestock housing and outdoor storage of manure

Livestock manure management systems can be significant sources of nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), and ammonia (NH3) emissions. Many studies have been conducted to improve our understanding of the emission processes and to identify influential variables in order to develop mitigation techniques adapted to each manure management step (animal housing, outdoor storage, and manure spreading to land). The international project DATAMAN (http://www.dataman.co.nz) aims to develop a global database on greenhouse gases (N2O, CH4) and NH3 emissions from the manure management chain to refine emission factors (EFs) for national greenhouse gas and NH3 inventories. This paper describes the housing and outdoor storage components of this database. Relevant information for different animal categories, manure types, livestock buildings, outdoor storage, and climatic conditions was collated from published peer reviewed research, conference papers, and existing databases published between 1995 and 2021. In the housing database, 2024 EFs were collated (63% for NH3, 19.5% for CH4, and 17.5% for N2O). The storage database contains 654 NH3 EFs from 16 countries, 243 CH4 EFs from 13 countries, and 421 N2O EFs from 17 countries. Across all gases, dairy cattle and swine production in temperate climate zones are the most represented animal and climate categories. As for the housing database, the number of EFs for the tropical climate zone is under-represented. The DATAMAN database can be used for the refinement of national inventories and better assessment of the cost-effectiveness of a range of mitigation strategies

Primary tooth abscess caused by Mycobacterium bovis in an immunocompetent child

Bovine tuberculosis is a zoonotic disease, and although its incidence has dramatically decreased in developed countries where effective control measures are applied, it still remains a potential health hazard in the developing world. Tuberculosis of the oral cavity is extremely rare and is usually secondary to pulmonary involvement. We present the unusual case of an immunocompetent 6-year-old child residing in an urban area with primary oral tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis, which was confirmed by the application of a molecular genetic approach. M. bovis belongs to Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex which comprises species with close genetic relationship, and for this reason, the use of new molecular techniques is a useful tool for the differentiation at species level of the closely related members of this complex

Use of Cadastral Data for the Development of Spatial Decision Support Systemsfor Coping with the Consequences of Natural Disasters

This paper investigates the potential usefulness of cadastral data to form the core part of databases of Spatial Decision Support Systems [SDSS] that are capable to support decision-makers in dealing with emergency situations, such as earthquakes, floods and fires. Particular emphasis is given on how those data can be used to generate information that is necessary to planners and decision-makers when they cope with natural disasters at every stage of the development of the disaster: before the occurrence (planning and preventive measures), immediately after occurrence (short term measures), and well-after occurrence (medium and long term measures). This investigation is conducted using the Municipality of Magoula, Attica, Greece, as a case study area. This municipality is situated in the greater Athens area and was struck by the earthquake that occurred there in September 1999. Within the scope of the project, wehave used cadastral data about the study area and data recorded by the inspection teams in order to set-up a prototype SDSS database that could facilitate planning and decision-making in such a situation. Then, we have used that prototype to generate scenarios and information about typical tasks that are performed during emergency situations. The advantages that are realized from the integration of such data and information technologies are described and assessed, particularly, in comparison with the traditional approaches that are used in such situations

Solid oxide fuel cell stack: Temperature regulation

A fuel cell produces electricity and heat [1,2]. Low thermal conductivity of materials composed a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and absence of effective heat carriers can lead to significant temperature irregularity within the SOFC stack. A heat model of a SOFC system included a stack consisted of tubular cells, a reactor for methane partial oxidation (R-MPO), and an afterburner has been developed. The results of simulation were proved using the SOFC system on the base of 16-cell stack

Investigation of a Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ based cathode SOFC. II. The effect of CO2 on the chemical stability

The effect of carbon dioxide on the chemical stability of a Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ cathode in the real reaction environment at 450 °C was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), temperature programmed desorption (TPD), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) techniques. It was found that the presence even of very small quantities of CO2 seriously deteriorates the fuel cell performance at 450 °C. XPS, TPD and XRD results strongly evidenced the formation of carbonates involving strontium and possibly barium after the BSCF cathode was operated in 1% CO2/O2 gas mixture at 450 °C for 24 h. SEM-EDX analysis of the BSCF cathode surface, after treatment in CO2/O2 environment at 450 °C, showed small particles on the surface probably associated with a carbonate phase and a segregated phase of the perovskite. The corresponding EDX spectra confirmed the presence of a carbonate layer and also revealed the surface enrichment of strontium and barium elements. EIS results indicated that both ohmic and polarization resistances increased gradually with the introduction of carbon dioxide in the oxidant stream, which could be interpreted by the decreased oxygen reduction kinetics and the formation of carbonate insulating layer. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Investigation of a Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-delta based cathode SOFCII. The effect of CO2 on the chemical stability

The effect of carbon dioxide on the chemical stability of a Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-delta cathode in the real reaction environment at 450 degrees C was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), temperature programmed desorption (TPD), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) techniques. It was found that the presence even of very small quantities of CO2 seriously deteriorates the fuel cell performance at 450 degrees C. XPS, TPD and XRD results strongly evidenced the formation of carbonates involving strontium and possibly barium after the BSCF cathode was operated in 1% CO2/O-2 gas mixture at 450 degrees C for 24 h. SEM-EDX analysis of the BSCF cathode surface, after treatment in CO2/O-2 environment at 450 degrees C, showed small particles on the surface probably associated with a carbonate phase and a segregated phase of the perovskite. The corresponding EDX spectra confirmed the presence of a carbonate layer and also revealed the surface enrichment of strontium and barium elements. EIS results indicated that both ohmic and polarization resistances increased gradually with the introduction of carbon dioxide in the oxidant stream, which could be interpreted by the decreased oxygen reduction kinetics and the formation of carbonate insulating layer. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved

Late-onset systemic lupus erythematosus presenting as polymyalgia rheumatica

Two patients (male, 60 and 66 years of age) who developed systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the 6th decade are described. Both patients presented with a polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) syndrome. In both cases there was an underlying muscle involvement (nonspecific in the first case and true myositis in the second case) as well as findings compatible with nonclassic type of temporal arteritis. © 1989 Springer-Verlag