Antibacterial activity of actinomycetes against bacterial pathogens of diabetic foot ulcers

Diabetes mellitus is a serious public health problem worldwide. Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU), a major complication in Type 2 diabetes are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality around the world. To screen various bacterial pathogens present in diabetic foot ulcers and to determine their antibiotic sensitivity to actinomycetes isolated from various fields of Chandragiri, Tirupati, twenty four actinomycetes isolates were isolated and screened by primary and secondary screening methods to determine potent antibiotic producers by using test organisms. Among 24 isolates, 4 were more potent and they showed varied range of antibacterial activity of pathogens, isolated form diabetic foot ulcers. Four isolates were compared with lenezoid antibiotic. Enterococcus was resistant to lenezoid antibiotic but four actinomycetes inhibited the growth of Enterococi

A study on correlation between bleeding pattern and histopathological findings of endometrium among perimenopausal women

Background: During climacteric, ovarian activity declines. Initially, ovulation fails, no corpus luteum forms, and no progesterone are secreted by the ovary. Therefore the premenopausal menstrual cycles are shortened, often anovulatory and irregular. The irregularity in menstrual cycle during perimenopause can be due to anovulation or to irregular maturation of follicles.Methods: The endometrial samples (endometrial curettage/ biopsy and hysterectomy specimens) sent to pathology laboratory were analyzed. These specimens are fixed in 10% formalin and gross morphology was recorded. Endometrial samples were totally embedded and representative bits are taken from hysterectomy specimens. These bits were placed in cassettes and kept in fixative and processed in the automatic tissue processor. Paraffin tissue blocks were prepared and 3-4 micrometer thick sections were cut and stained with routine haematoxylin and eosin. A detailed histological study was carried out and the findings were noted.Results: Among total study subjects, 62% of patient’s endometrium was in proliferative phase, 26% of patient’s endometrium was in secretory phase, 6% of patient’s endometrium was in cystoglandular hyperplasia. Dysplasia with atypical changes was found in 2% of patients. Adenomatous polyp was found in 2% of patients. Simple hyperplasia was found in 2% of patients.Conclusions: Patients with abnormal uterine bleeding should always be subjected to histopathological investigation

Clinical profile of patients with abnormal uterine bleeding at a tertiary care hospital

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding is a very common gynecological condition that affects all age groups. One third of patients attending gynaecology OPD present with complaints of abnormal uterine bleeding. Bleeding is said to be abnormal when the pattern is irregular, abnormal duration (>7 days), or menorrhagia or abnormal amount (>80 ml/menses).Methods: All patients in the perimenopausal age group (45±5 years) with symptoms of abnormal uterine bleeding presenting at department of OBG, Tertiary care centre during the study period were included in the study. Totally 50 study subjects were included in the study as this number of patients attended hospital during the study period. Results: The most common presenting symptom was pain abdomens (28%) followed by dysmenorrhea (16%), and back ache (2%). The most common bleeding pattern was menorrhagia (64%) followed by polymenorrhoea (28%), metrorrhagia (18%) and menometrorrhagia (8%).Conclusions: The entire bleeding pattern was more commonly associated with abnormal uterine bleeding

Estimation of fetal weight in utero by Dawn's formula and Johnson's formula: a comparative study

Background: Survival of the premature infant has been shown to be related more to fetal weight than to any other consideration. A lot of work has been done to find out accurate methods for estimation of fetal size and weight in utero.Methods: This study consists of total 200 case studies included patient of different parity all delivered in these hospitals either vaginally or by caesarian section. Two methods of estimation of birth weight were assessed and compared.Results: 33.5% of cases were within ±100gms by Johnson's formula, whereas in Dawn's formula 51.5% cases were within +100 gm of actual birth weight.73% of cases by Johnson's formula were within ±250 gms and 88.5% of cases by Dawn's formula were within ±250 gms of actual birth weight.91% of cases by Johnson's formula and 99% of cases by Dawn's formula were within ±500 gms of actual birth weight.Conclusions: Dawn's formula was found to be more accurate (88.5% within ±250 gms) than Johnson's formula (53.5% within ±250 gms) in prediction of antenatal fetal weight

Selected risk factors of infertility in women: case control study

Background: Infertility implies apparent failure of a couple to conceive. If a couple fails to achieve pregnancy after one year of unprotected intercourse, it is an indication to investigate the couple. This is based on the observation that, 80% of the normal couples achieve conception within a year.Methods: A case control study on the selected risk factors of female infertility among fifty females attending the Tertiary care centre was conducted. The data was collected from fifty cases and fifty controls, matched for age, using a pre-structured questionnaire. The data collected included menstrual details, uterine or ovarian disorders, genito-urinary infections, systemic illness, hyperprolactinemia and weight gain. Data was analysed to find out risk factors and its association using Odds ratio, chi-square and logistic regression.Results: The factors include age, duration of menstrual cycles, dysmenorrhea, Hyperprolactinemia, recent weight gain, body mass index (BMI), ovarian dysfunctions, thyroid disorders and uterine abnormalities.Conclusions: Early screening and diagnosis of menstrual disorders and diseases like hyperprolactinemia, Thyroid disorders, uterine abnormalities, ovarian dysfunctions and correcting them by appropriate treatment

Redundancy Elimination with Coverage Preserving algorithm in Wireless Sensor Network

In Wireless Sensor Network, the sensor nodes are deployed using random or deterministic deployment methods. Many applications prefer random deployment for deploying the sensor nodes. Random deployment is the main cause of redundancy. Detection and elimination of redundant sensor nodes while preserving coverage is very important issue after the sensor nodes are deployed randomly in the region of interest. The redundancy elimination with coverage preserving algorithm is proposed in this paper and the results are presented. The proposed algorithm determines redundant sensor nodes and also the sensor nodes which provide the least coverage of region of interest. If two sensor nodes cover same area or if the Euclidian distance between two nodes is less than 25% of sensing range of a sensor node, the sensor which is not located at optimal position will be deactivated, so that, it reduces the number of optimal nodes required to cover complete region of interest. This in turn increases the lifetime of the network. The simulation results illustrate that the proposed algorithm preserves 100% coverage or region of interest by removing redundant nodes and also the nodes which provide the least coverage of region of interest. It also reduces the number of optimal nodes required to provide 100% coverage of region of interest

A study on surgical management of undescended testis

Background: Cryptorchidism which is synonymous with Undescended testes. It is one of the most common congenital anomalies found in children. The aim is to study the surgical management of undescended testis in relation to age, position, side, symptoms, complications and management of undescended testis. This study will present an overview of the current understanding of this challenging problem, mainly concentrating on surgical management.Methods: About 30 cases of undescended testis were included in the study, which were diagnosed with regards to age of presentation, clinical features, inclusion and exclusion criteria and relevant investigations like ultrasonography, diagnostic laparoscopy, CT whereever required. Cases were managed accordingly in the course of study and sampling of cases was taken from Bapuji Hospital and C.G. Hospital, Davangere during the study period.Results: Undescended testis was found more common on right side and most of them presented with the age group of 1-15 years with absence of testis in the scrotum being the most common complaint and hernia was found to be most commonly associated with undescended testis. Most common position of undescended testis was found to be intra-canalicular with most of them being palpable. The only one case had torsion and few of the cases had post operative complications like, wound infection haematoma. Open and laparoscopic orchidopexy can be used as most common procedure in early age group.Conclusions: Undescended testes is eminently treatable in today’s practice with the surgical procedures, an early diagnosis, informed counselling of parents and optimal surgical management offer optimised opportunities for successful placement and function of the testes which lessen the burden of complications

SYNTHESIS, ANTICANCER AND ANTITUBERCULOSIS STUDIES FOR [1-(4-CHLOROPHENYL) CYCLOPROPYL] (PIPERAZINE-YL) METHANONE DERIVATES

Objective: Synthesis, anticancer and antituberculosis studies for 1-(4-Chlorophenyl) cyclopropyl] (piperazin-1-yl) methanone derivates 3a-j Methods: A series of new [1-(4-Chlorophenyl) cyclopropyl] (piperazin-1-yl) methanone derivates were synthesized using reductive amination method in presence of sodium triacetoxyborohydride to yield piperzine derivatives 3a-j. The structures of all newly synthesized compounds have been characterised by elemental analysis and spectral studies. Results: Five selected compounds have been screened for invitro anticancer activity against human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-435 at 10, 20, 40 and 80 µG/mL concentration using sulforhodamine B assay method. and Two compounds 3a and 3c have shown in vitro anticancer activity. Five selected compounds have been screened for anti-tuberculosis activity using Middlebrook 7H-9 broth and standard strain of M. tb h37Rv. Three compounds 3a, 3b and 3c have shown significant antituberculosis Conclusion: Synthesis of [1-(4-Chlorophenyl) cyclopropyl] (piperazin-1-yl) methanone derivates 3a-j simple and convenient method. Some of the tested compounds have exhibited significant antituberculosis and anticancer activity. Compound 3c showed both antituberculosis and anticancer activity

Consciousness Levels Detection Using Discrete Wavelet Transforms on Single Channel EEG Under Simulated Workload Conditions

EEG signal is one of the most complex signals having the lowest amplitude which makes it challenging for analysis in real-time. The different waveforms like alpha, beta, theta and delta were studied and selected features were related with the consciousness levels. The consciousness levels detection is useful for estimating the subjects’ performance in certain selected tasks which requires high alertness. This estimation was performed by analyzing signal properties of the EEG using features extracted through discrete wavelet transform with a moving window of 10 seconds with 90% overlap. The EEG signal is decomposed in to wavelets and the average energy and power of the coefficients related to the EEG bands is taken as the features. The data is collected from standard EEG machine from the volunteers as per the protocol. C3 and C4 locations (unipolar) of the standard 10-20 electrode system were selected. The central region of the brain is most optimal location for the consciousness levels detection. The estimation of the data using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) energy, power features provided better accuracy when the central regions were chosen. An accuracy of 99% was achieved when the algorithm was implemented using a classifier based on linear kernel support vector machines (SVM)