Predictors of Growth and Distress Following Childhood Parentification: A Retrospective Exploratory Study

Abstract While most of the existing literature has focused on the risks associated with parentification, we examined the potential benefits (i.e., posttraumatic growth) associated with parentification. Predictors of posttraumatic growth explored in our study included: attachment, differentiation of self, parentification, and resiliency. Partial support was found for the predictor variables leading to posttraumatic growth, with resilience emerging as the strongest predictor; resilience explained 14% of the variance in posttraumatic growth. These findings suggest that future research might explore additional resiliency factors that explain positive psychological outcomes related to childhood parentification

Predictors of Growth and Distress Following Childhood Parentification: A Retrospective Exploratory Study

Abstract While most of the existing literature has focused on the risks associated with parentification, we examined the potential benefits (i.e., posttraumatic growth) associated with parentification. Predictors of posttraumatic growth explored in our study included: attachment, differentiation of self, parentification, and resiliency. Partial support was found for the predictor variables leading to posttraumatic growth, with resilience emerging as the strongest predictor; resilience explained 14% of the variance in posttraumatic growth. These findings suggest that future research might explore additional resiliency factors that explain positive psychological outcomes related to childhood parentification

Early Developmental Precursors of Externalizing Behavior in Middle Childhood and Adolescence

This study examined the infancy- and toddler-age precursors of children's later externalizing problem behavior. Risk constructs included suboptimal patterns of observed caregiver-child interaction and the caregiver's perception of child difficultness and resistance to control. In addition, a novel dimension of caregiver-child relationship quality, the caregiver's perception of her toddler's unresponsiveness to her, was examined as a possible precursor of children's externalizing behavior. Externalizing problem outcomes were assessed throughout the school-age period and again at age 17, using multiple informants. As toddlers, children at risk for later externalizing behavior were perceived as difficult and resistant to control, and relationships with their caregivers were relatively low in warmth and affective enjoyment. Finally, the caregiver's perception of her toddler as emotionally unresponsive to her was a consistent predictor of later externalizing behavior, suggesting that negative maternal cognitions associated with child conduct problems may begin in toddlerhood. These predictive patterns were similar for boys and girls, and with minor exceptions, generalized across different subdimensions of externalizing problem behavior. Our findings underscore the importance of the infancy and toddler periods to children's long-term behavioral adjustment, and indicate the desirability of further research into the nature of caregivers' early perceptions of child unresponsiveness.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/44588/1/10802_2004_Article_222615.pd

Reflexiones de estudiantes universitarios, docentes de Agroecología (U.N.Cuyo) y agentes de extensión del INTA en prácticas de intervención socioproductivas en las zonas de Luján de Cuyo y Valle de Uco, Mendoza

En el marco de la asignatura Agroecología y Ambientes Rurales de la carrera en Ingeniería en Recursos Naturales Renovables (FCA- UNCuyo), se han realizado durante 10 años académicos consecutivos, dos actividades consistentes en visitar a diferentes tipos sociales agrarios ubicados en Luján de Cuyo y el Valle de Uco. En las nombradas actividades, los estudiantes realizan una visita extendida a productores que integran diferentes cadenas productivas, con el objetivo de caracterizar el ecosistema, sociosistema y tecnosistema en cada caso, además de diferenciar manejos convencionales y agroecológicos. Con la información recabada y reflexionada, los estudiantes realizan un trabajo integrador, con carácter de condición obligatoria para rendir el examen final de la asignatura, que rescata una problemática detectada y propone una solución socio tecnológica con base agroecológica, ajustada a las características de tipo social agrario abordado. El nombrado material queda a disposición de los actores involucrados para ser utilizado como una herramienta de comprensión de la dinámica socio-productiva y territorial. En el presente relato realizamos una breve síntesis sobre las experiencias de cada visita a campo y se presentan las reflexiones de los actores involucrados acerca de esta experiencia.In the framework of agroecology and rural environments race course in Engineering in Renewable Natural Resources (FCA UNCuyo) were performed for 10 consecutive school years, two consistent activities visit different agricultural social types are located in Lujan de Cuyo and Uco Valley. In the named activities, students made an extended visit to producers that integrate different production chains, in order to characterize the ecosystem, sociosistema and Technosystem in each case, in addition to conventional agro differentiate and handling. With the information gathered and reflected, students take an integrative work, as an obligatory condition to take the final exam of the subject, who rescues a detected problem and proposes a solution partner agroecologically technological basis and adjusted to the characteristics of a social nature agricultural addressed. The named material is available to the actors involved to be used as a tool for understanding the socio-productive and territorial dynamics. In this story is a brief summary of experiences of each field visit and reflections of stakeholders about this experience are presented.Eje: A2: Paisajes, Territorios y AgroecologíaFacultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Reflexiones de estudiantes universitarios, docentes de Agroecología (U.N.Cuyo) y agentes de extensión del INTA en prácticas de intervención socioproductivas en las zonas de Luján de Cuyo y Valle de Uco, Mendoza

En el marco de la asignatura Agroecología y Ambientes Rurales de la carrera en Ingeniería en Recursos Naturales Renovables (FCA- UNCuyo), se han realizado durante 10 años académicos consecutivos, dos actividades consistentes en visitar a diferentes tipos sociales agrarios ubicados en Luján de Cuyo y el Valle de Uco. En las nombradas actividades, los estudiantes realizan una visita extendida a productores que integran diferentes cadenas productivas, con el objetivo de caracterizar el ecosistema, sociosistema y tecnosistema en cada caso, además de diferenciar manejos convencionales y agroecológicos. Con la información recabada y reflexionada, los estudiantes realizan un trabajo integrador, con carácter de condición obligatoria para rendir el examen final de la asignatura, que rescata una problemática detectada y propone una solución socio tecnológica con base agroecológica, ajustada a las características de tipo social agrario abordado. El nombrado material queda a disposición de los actores involucrados para ser utilizado como una herramienta de comprensión de la dinámica socio-productiva y territorial. En el presente relato realizamos una breve síntesis sobre las experiencias de cada visita a campo y se presentan las reflexiones de los actores involucrados acerca de esta experiencia.In the framework of agroecology and rural environments race course in Engineering in Renewable Natural Resources (FCA UNCuyo) were performed for 10 consecutive school years, two consistent activities visit different agricultural social types are located in Lujan de Cuyo and Uco Valley. In the named activities, students made an extended visit to producers that integrate different production chains, in order to characterize the ecosystem, sociosistema and Technosystem in each case, in addition to conventional agro differentiate and handling. With the information gathered and reflected, students take an integrative work, as an obligatory condition to take the final exam of the subject, who rescues a detected problem and proposes a solution partner agroecologically technological basis and adjusted to the characteristics of a social nature agricultural addressed. The named material is available to the actors involved to be used as a tool for understanding the socio-productive and territorial dynamics. In this story is a brief summary of experiences of each field visit and reflections of stakeholders about this experience are presented.Eje: A2: Paisajes, Territorios y AgroecologíaFacultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Reflexiones de estudiantes universitarios, docentes de Agroecología (U.N.Cuyo) y agentes de extensión del INTA en prácticas de intervención socioproductivas en las zonas de Luján de Cuyo y Valle de Uco, Mendoza

En el marco de la asignatura Agroecología y Ambientes Rurales de la carrera en Ingeniería en Recursos Naturales Renovables (FCA- UNCuyo), se han realizado durante 10 años académicos consecutivos, dos actividades consistentes en visitar a diferentes tipos sociales agrarios ubicados en Luján de Cuyo y el Valle de Uco. En las nombradas actividades, los estudiantes realizan una visita extendida a productores que integran diferentes cadenas productivas, con el objetivo de caracterizar el ecosistema, sociosistema y tecnosistema en cada caso, además de diferenciar manejos convencionales y agroecológicos. Con la información recabada y reflexionada, los estudiantes realizan un trabajo integrador, con carácter de condición obligatoria para rendir el examen final de la asignatura, que rescata una problemática detectada y propone una solución socio tecnológica con base agroecológica, ajustada a las características de tipo social agrario abordado. El nombrado material queda a disposición de los actores involucrados para ser utilizado como una herramienta de comprensión de la dinámica socio-productiva y territorial. En el presente relato realizamos una breve síntesis sobre las experiencias de cada visita a campo y se presentan las reflexiones de los actores involucrados acerca de esta experiencia.In the framework of agroecology and rural environments race course in Engineering in Renewable Natural Resources (FCA UNCuyo) were performed for 10 consecutive school years, two consistent activities visit different agricultural social types are located in Lujan de Cuyo and Uco Valley. In the named activities, students made an extended visit to producers that integrate different production chains, in order to characterize the ecosystem, sociosistema and Technosystem in each case, in addition to conventional agro differentiate and handling. With the information gathered and reflected, students take an integrative work, as an obligatory condition to take the final exam of the subject, who rescues a detected problem and proposes a solution partner agroecologically technological basis and adjusted to the characteristics of a social nature agricultural addressed. The named material is available to the actors involved to be used as a tool for understanding the socio-productive and territorial dynamics. In this story is a brief summary of experiences of each field visit and reflections of stakeholders about this experience are presented.Eje: A2: Paisajes, Territorios y AgroecologíaFacultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Sustentabilidad vitivinícola para diferentes tipos de agricultores vitivinícolas

Un Desarrollo Rural Sustentable requiere de sistemas agrícolas sustentables, que sean ecológicamente adecuados, económicamente viables y socio culturalmente aceptables Abbona et al, (2004). Sarandon, (2010), define la agricultura sustentable como aquella que es: suficientemente productiva, económicamente viable, ecológicamente adecuada y cultural y socialmente aceptable. En el contexto de cambio de la vitivinicultura, se hace necesario conocer la sustentabilidad de los mismos. En este caso se usó la tipología que propuesta por Martín, (2009) que plantea tres tipos sociales: productores descapitalizados pluriactivos, productores familiares capitalizados y empresarios. El objetivo de este trabajo fue: analizar, mediante el método propuesto por Sarandón (2002) y el uso de indicadores, la sustentabilidad predial de tres modelos productivos vitivinícolas: productores descapitalizados pluriactivos, productores familiares capitalizados y empresarios, de la 1º zona de Mendoza. La propuesta de metodológica estuvo basada en la metodología de Sarandón (2002) y estaba propuesto realizar tres etapas, de 2 años cada una. En una primera etapa se desarrollaron dos acciones. Lo primero fué buscar y analizar antecedentes e información regional sobre el tema y la segunda acción fue buscar y seleccionar 2 fincas del departamento de Lujan de Cuyo que fueran representativas, para cada tipo social, factibilidad de acceso y predisposición de los agricultores. En una segunda etapa se caracterizaría, a través del enfoque sistémico, el funcionamiento de los agroecosistemas en tres dimensiones: ambiental-ecológica, tecnológica, y socioeconómica. Y en una tercera etapa: se construirán indicadores para evaluar la sustentabilidad de los sistemas agrícolas, Se logró la primera etapa y se pudo: conceptualizar y profundizar el concepto de sustentabilidad integral y su aplicación en la agronomía, proponer variables con potencial de indicadores de sustentabilidad y seleccionar las fincas.A Sustainable Rural Development requires sustainable agricultural systems that are environmentally suitable, economically viable and culturally acceptable (Abbona et al, 2004). Sarandon (2010) defines sustainable agriculture as one that is: productive enough, affordable, ecologically appropriate and culturally and socially acceptable. In the context of the viticulture changes, it is necessary to study their sustainability. In this case we take the typology proposed by Martin, 2009 that summarizes it in three social types: pluriactive undercapitalized producers, family farmers and entrepreneurs capitalized. The objective of this work was to analyze, through the method proposed by Sarandón (2002) and the use of indicators, the property sustainability of three vitivinícolas production models: pluriactively de-capitalized producers, capitalized family producers and entrepreneurs, from the first zone of Mendoza. The methodological proposal was based on the methodology of Sarandon (2002) and was proposed to perform three stages, each of 2 years. In the first stage two actions were developed. The first was to seek and analyze regional background and information on the subject; And the second action was to search and select 2 farms in the department of Lujan de Cuyo that were representative for each social type, feasibility of access and predisposition of farmers. In a second stage, the systemic approach would characterize the functioning of agroecosystems in three dimensions: environmental-ecological, technological, and socioeconomic. And in a third stage: indicators will be constructed to evaluate the sustainability of agricultural systems, The first stage was achieved and it was possible to: conceptualize and deepen the concept of integral sustainability and its application in agronomy, propose variables with potential for sustainability indicators and successful selection of farms.Trabajo publicado en Filippini, María Flavia (comp.). Congreso Internacional Aguas, Ambiente y Energía de la Asociación de Universidades Grupo Montevideo: Resúmenes de trabajos. Mendoza: Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, 2017.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Sustentabilidad vitivinícola para diferentes tipos de agricultores vitivinícolas

Un Desarrollo Rural Sustentable requiere de sistemas agrícolas sustentables, que sean ecológicamente adecuados, económicamente viables y socio culturalmente aceptables Abbona et al, (2004). Sarandon, (2010), define la agricultura sustentable como aquella que es: suficientemente productiva, económicamente viable, ecológicamente adecuada y cultural y socialmente aceptable. En el contexto de cambio de la vitivinicultura, se hace necesario conocer la sustentabilidad de los mismos. En este caso se usó la tipología que propuesta por Martín, (2009) que plantea tres tipos sociales: productores descapitalizados pluriactivos, productores familiares capitalizados y empresarios. El objetivo de este trabajo fue: analizar, mediante el método propuesto por Sarandón (2002) y el uso de indicadores, la sustentabilidad predial de tres modelos productivos vitivinícolas: productores descapitalizados pluriactivos, productores familiares capitalizados y empresarios, de la 1º zona de Mendoza. La propuesta de metodológica estuvo basada en la metodología de Sarandón (2002) y estaba propuesto realizar tres etapas, de 2 años cada una. En una primera etapa se desarrollaron dos acciones. Lo primero fué buscar y analizar antecedentes e información regional sobre el tema y la segunda acción fue buscar y seleccionar 2 fincas del departamento de Lujan de Cuyo que fueran representativas, para cada tipo social, factibilidad de acceso y predisposición de los agricultores. En una segunda etapa se caracterizaría, a través del enfoque sistémico, el funcionamiento de los agroecosistemas en tres dimensiones: ambiental-ecológica, tecnológica, y socioeconómica. Y en una tercera etapa: se construirán indicadores para evaluar la sustentabilidad de los sistemas agrícolas, Se logró la primera etapa y se pudo: conceptualizar y profundizar el concepto de sustentabilidad integral y su aplicación en la agronomía, proponer variables con potencial de indicadores de sustentabilidad y seleccionar las fincas.A Sustainable Rural Development requires sustainable agricultural systems that are environmentally suitable, economically viable and culturally acceptable (Abbona et al, 2004). Sarandon (2010) defines sustainable agriculture as one that is: productive enough, affordable, ecologically appropriate and culturally and socially acceptable. In the context of the viticulture changes, it is necessary to study their sustainability. In this case we take the typology proposed by Martin, 2009 that summarizes it in three social types: pluriactive undercapitalized producers, family farmers and entrepreneurs capitalized. The objective of this work was to analyze, through the method proposed by Sarandón (2002) and the use of indicators, the property sustainability of three vitivinícolas production models: pluriactively de-capitalized producers, capitalized family producers and entrepreneurs, from the first zone of Mendoza. The methodological proposal was based on the methodology of Sarandon (2002) and was proposed to perform three stages, each of 2 years. In the first stage two actions were developed. The first was to seek and analyze regional background and information on the subject; And the second action was to search and select 2 farms in the department of Lujan de Cuyo that were representative for each social type, feasibility of access and predisposition of farmers. In a second stage, the systemic approach would characterize the functioning of agroecosystems in three dimensions: environmental-ecological, technological, and socioeconomic. And in a third stage: indicators will be constructed to evaluate the sustainability of agricultural systems, The first stage was achieved and it was possible to: conceptualize and deepen the concept of integral sustainability and its application in agronomy, propose variables with potential for sustainability indicators and successful selection of farms.Trabajo publicado en Filippini, María Flavia (comp.). Congreso Internacional Aguas, Ambiente y Energía de la Asociación de Universidades Grupo Montevideo: Resúmenes de trabajos. Mendoza: Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, 2017.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Letter processing and font information during reading: beyond distinctiveness, where vision meets design

Letter identification is a critical front end of the reading process. In general, conceptualizations of the identification process have emphasized arbitrary sets of distinctive features. However, a richer view of letter processing incorporates principles from the field of type design, including an emphasis on uniformities across letters within a font. The importance of uniformities is supported by a small body of research indicating that consistency of font increases letter identification efficiency. We review design concepts and the relevant literature, with the goal of stimulating further thinking about letter processing during reading