Oxidative stress in hyperthermia

Oxidative stress is a risk factor for disease development and cardiovascular system, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, etc. The resulting product is thus free radical lipid peroxidation - malondialdehyde (MDA) is atherogenic modification of low density lipoproteins (LDL), so that they acquire the ability to be rapidly accumulated in the cells of the vessel walls, causing pre-aterosklerotic lipoid damages. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high temperature (one of the environmental factors) for key operating parameters: the content of secondary products of free radical oxidation polyene lipids - mDa in blood plasma and erythrocyte antioxidant activity of key enzymes. Hyperthermia was triggered in practically healthy volunteers (6 males, 22-46years). The analysis was made using a recording spectrophotometer Hitachi-557 (Japan). The statistical analysis was performed using the non-parametric Wilcoxon-test (Attestat program). MDA levels in the blood plasma, the activity of key antioxidant enzymes in erythrocytes were determined through divided intervals in study participants. A significant increase in MDA content (62 %) and reduction of catalase activity (11 %) and glutathione peroxidase (19 %) were revealed after 30 days in the conditions of hyperthermia test

Humanitarian Expertise As A Tool For Creating The Image Of Well-Being Future

The article considers the importance of humanitarian expertise in assessing innovations and projects in social technologies. It states the basis for defining the criteria of the assessment that identify whether the innovations are centred at a man's well-being and his development as the agent of socialcultural and social interactions. The aim of the article is to specify and to give scientific credence to the humanitarian expertise of technological and social innovations revealing their direction at the well-being and the development of a person as the agent of cultural work and social interactions. The methodology of the approach implemented here is based on the logic of event. It helps to conceptualize the future in its balance with the present and, in particular, to apply the differential rendering of modality of the eventual in the notions of logically possible, actualizable, admissible and probable. The outcome of the work proves the idea that while specifying the criteria it is important to base them on the principle of optimum which can be expressed in terms of safety, well-being, identity and development. The aspect of wellbeing reflects the optimum in the balance of material-spiritual in a man's reality and in this respect it can serve as one of the most important criteria of humanitarian expertise. The authors emphasize the challenges of the innovations in the field of human reality alteration that are manifested in the posthuman discourse and in the modern theories of educational system reforming

Understanding experiences of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander patients at the emergency departments in Australia

Objectives: The present study describes the experiences of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander patients and the factors that shaped their experiences of ED visits in regional settings. Methods: This is a qualitative descriptive study. We conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews with Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander patients who used the ED services at three hospitals in New South Wales, Northern Territory and South Australia. We coded the collected data and analysed them using a thematic analysis technique. Results: A total of 33 Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander patients participated. Analyses of their experiences revealed four themes, which included: (i) patients' waiting times in ED; (ii) cultural determinants of health; (iii) treatment services; and (iv) safety, security and privacy. Conclusions: A holistic approach and a robust hospital commitment to address cultural needs while considering overall health, social and emotional wellbeing, will enhance Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander patients' satisfaction for ED visits

Дискуссионные вопросы высокочастотной электросварки биологических тканей

Цель. Исследование физических свойств составляющих биологических тканей и их роли в процессе электрической сварки мягких биологических тканей, а также измерение температуры в зоне электросварки. Материалы и методы. Исследования провели с использованием созданной системы для измерения температуры, состоящей из усилителя термо-ЭДС, внешнего модуля АЦП Е14-440 “Л-Кард”, ноутбука с программным обеспечением “PowerGraph”. Использовали также биполярный электрохирургический зажим и ВЧ-электрокоагулятор ЕК-300М1. Для имеющегося при сварке биологических тканей диапазона температур 40 – 200 °С выбраны термопары К–типа диаметром 70 мкм. Результаты. Проведенные исследования позволили установить, что сопротивление электролитов уменьшается, а проводимость - увеличивается с повышением температуры. Это объясняется тем, что с повышением температуры для слабых растворов увеличивается их диссоциация и, следовательно, число положительных и отрицательных ионов. Электропроводность цельных органов в 2 - 5 раз ниже, чем электропроводность биологических жидкостей. Поэтому при «полном» обезвоживании ткань практически теряет электропроводность, тепло в ней перестает выделяться и происходит резкое падение напряжения, силы тока и сопротивления, что предотвращает глубокие деструктивные изменения мягких тканей в зоне электросварки. Эти данные получены нами в процессе выполнения эксперимента по изучению температурных режимов тканей кишечника, мышечной ткани, легкого и печени. Выводы. Данными, полученными в ходе выполнения эксперимента, доказана безопасность высокочастотной электросварки мягких тканей в пределах температурных режимов от 45 до 95 °С без явлений некроза и обугливания

Clearance of carbonyl-modified lipoproteins from the bloodstream of rabbits

We have suggested that the molecular mechanism of vascular wall damage in diabetes is not substantially different from that in atherosclerosis. Thus, it can be assumed that aldehyde-modified LDL should be eliminated from the blood stream with much greater speed than non-oxidized LDL. In the available literature there is information about the clearance of native human LDL from the bloodstream, whereas information on the clearance of the aldehyde-modified LDL in animals or humans was not found. Based on this, the present work is devoted to the clearance of aldehyde-modified LDL of rabbits and humans introduced into the bloodstream of rabbits. We investigated the clearance of glyoxal-, methylglyoxal- and MDA-modified LDL from the bloodstream of rabbits. We used biotinylated LDL of rabbit blood plasma and FITC-labeled LDL of human blood plasma. LDL was isolated with preparative ultracentrifugation in NaBr gradient. It was shown that glyoxal- and methylglyoxal-modified LDL of rabbits and humans circulated in the bloodstream for the same time as native LDL while MDA-modified LDL was rapidly eliminated from the bloodstream. The data obtained indicated the possibility of greater atherogenic potential of glyoxal- and methylglyoxal-modified LDL as they circulate in the bloodstream for a rather long time. At the same time, MDA-modified LDL is likely to be exposed to enhanced elimination by macrophages after their "linkage" to blood cells

Regulation of free radical processes in healthy volunteers during experimental hyperthermia and in patients with coronary artery disease during summer heat waves

Background. In view of the worsening forecast for global temperature rise worldwide, it seems relevant to study the effects of abnormal heat waves on systemic regulatory processes in people with chronic diseases, in particular coronary artery disease (CAD).Aims. This study aimed to investigate the effect of hyperthermia on oxidative stress parameters in patients with various severity of CAD and in healthy subjects.Materials and methods. We studied the level of malonic dialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of Cu,Zn-containing superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD) in healthy subjects under conditions of 30-day long simulated hyperthermia and in patients with different severity of CAD after the summer heat wavesResults. We revealed signs of oxidative stress in healthy volunteers during model hyperthermia that manifested as an increase in content of MDA in blood plasma. At the  same time we observed increasing activity of Cu,Zn-SOD in erythrocytes that  utilizes reactive oxygen species. The increase of Cu,Zn-SOD activity started with a certain latency what also can be explained by de novo enzyme biosynthesis induction. We also studied oxidative stress parameters in patients at high and moderate cardiovascular risk according to the SCORE risk chart with uncomplicated CAD course and in patients with complicated CAD with severe coronary damage according to angiography during the summer heat waves. We observed accumulation of MDA in blood plasma and increasing activity of erythrocyte Cu,Zn-SOD in patients with uncomplicated CAD. At the same time we noted that accumulation of MDA in blood plasma was not followed by any increase in activity of red blood cell Cu,Zn-SOD in patients with severe complicated CAD. This fact indicates dysregulation of free radical processes in patients with severe course of CAD during the heat waves.Conclusions. The dysregulation of free-radical processes in patients with a severe clinical course of CAD has been revealed

The Fukushima Daiichi Accident

The Fukushima Daiichi Accident consists of a Report by the IAEA Director General and five technical volumes. It is the result of an extensive international collaborative effort involving five working groups with about 180 experts from 42 Member States with and without nuclear power programmes and several international bodies. It provides a description of the accident and its causes, evolution and consequences, based on the evaluation of data and information from a large number of sources available at the time of writing. The set contains six printed parts and five supplementary CD-ROMs. Contents: Report by the Director General; Technical Volume 1/5, Description and Context of the Accident; Technical Volume 2/5, Safety Assessment; Technical Volume 3/5, Emergency Preparedness and Response; Technical Volume 4/5, Radiological Consequences; Technical Volume 5/5, Post-accident Recovery; Annexes. The JRC contributed to volumes 1,2 and 3, which are attached.JRC.F.5-Nuclear Reactor Safety Assessmen

Identification and diagnosis of high-precision positioning systems using the principal components method

The aim of this paper is to develop the theoretical basis of highprecision systems construction using principal components projection method for conducting natural model measurements of high-precision systems parameters. It is difficult to name a technical sphere, where highprecision systems systems aren’t applied. They can be found in many household appliances, communication devices, they are an integral part of electrical machinery, many devices of industrial automation, control equipment and protection of various electrical installations. To conduct natural model measurements we need models connecting various parameters of high-precision systems systems between each other

Multiphysical mathematical models for design, identification and diagnostics of high-precision positioning systems

A multi-physical model was implemented in the software package LabView. Its choice is due to the need to solve the developed system of equations in an implicit form. LabView is a graphical simulation environment that allows you to build dynamic models, including discrete, continuous and hybrid, non-linear and discontinuous systems, using block diagrams in the form of directed graphs. These capabilities of the program confirm the need for its selection as a modeling environment