L’intervention auprès de jeunes mères et de leur enfant : perspective de la théorie de l’attachement

The children of adolescent mothers are among those presenting the highest level of psychosocial risk, compromising their socio-emotional development on a number of levels. Several intervention strategies have been designed to address some of the problems that characterize these mother-infant dyads. While these strategies have proven to be beneficial to young mothers, relatively little impact has been found on the level of infant and child development. The purpose of this article is to address the issue of intervention aimed at adolescent mothers and their infant, and underline that the relational dimension, while absent from most intervention programs, is necessary to our understanding of the problems presented by these dyads. An intervention program, currently undergoing evaluation, is described having as a main objective the improvement of the early mother-infant relationship. Attachment theory is presented as an organizing construct. Characteristics of the intervention, as well as the evaluation strategy, are described

Use of Species Distribution Modeling in the Deep Sea

In the last two decades the use of species distribution modeling (SDM) for the study and management of marine species has increased dramatically. The availability of predictor variables on a global scale and the ease of use of SDM techniques have resulted in a proliferation of research on the topic of species distribution in the deep sea. Translation of research projects into management tools that can be used to make decisions in the face of changing climate and increasing exploitation of deep-sea resources has been less rapid but necessary. The goal of this workshop was to discuss methods and variables for modeling species distributions in deep-sea habitats and produce standards that can be used to judge SDMs that may be useful to meet management and conservation goals. During the workshop, approaches to modeling and environmental data were discussed and guidelines developed including the desire that 1) environmental variables should be chosen for ecological significance a priori; 2) the scale and accuracy of environmental data should be considered in choosing a modeling method; 3) when possible proxy variables such as depth should be avoided if causal variables are available; 4) models with statistically robust and rigorous outputs are preferred, but not always possible; and 5) model validation is important. Although general guidelines for SDMs were developed, in most cases management issues and objectives should be considered when designing a modeling project. In particular, the trade-off between model complexity and researcher’s ability to communicate input data, modeling method, results and uncertainty is an important consideration for the target audience

Environmental Controls and Anthropogenic Impacts on Deep-Sea Sponge Grounds in the Faroe-Shetland Channel, NE Atlantic: the Importance of Considering Spatial Scale to Distinguish Drivers of Change

Determining the scale of anthropogenic impacts is critical in order to understand ecosystem effects of human activities, within the context of changes caused by natural environmental variability. We applied spatial eigenfunction analysis to disentangle effects of anthropogenic drivers from environmental factors on species assembly in the Faroe-Shetland Channel (FSC), in the northeast Atlantic. We found that the species assembly considered here was structured at both small and large spatial scales. Specifically, substrate types, distance to oil wells and pipelines, the presence of objects and demersal fishing (both static and mobile) appeared significant in explaining large spatial scale species assembly structures. Conversely, temperature and variance in temperature shaped the species community across smaller spatial scales. Mobile scavenger species were found in areas impacted by demersal fishing. Oil and gas structures seemed to provide a habitat for a range of species including the commercially important fishes Molva sp. and Sebastes sp. These results demonstrate how the benthic ecosystem in the FSC has been shaped by multiple human activities, at both small and large spatial scales. Only by sampling datasets covering several sites, like in this study, can the effects of anthropogenic activities be separated from natural environmental controls

Representation and re-Presentation: Emerging Digital Conventions of Architectural Communication

This paper examines the theoretical and conceptual underpinnings of digital architectural representation. Emerging digital tools, processes, and methods are sponsoring new conventions for the communication of architectural ideas and motives. New conventions yielded through digital media offer fresh and currently uncodified ways to communicate. These new conventions attempt to communicate the same ideas as the old, sometimes subverting the imperative for drawing as the representation does not refer to information in the abstract, but literally is the information. This research explores the use of architectural conventions, such as plan, section, and perspective, to examine re-presentation “ not only a way to convey form and content, but to also to be used as a form of communication. The emerging digital conventions are forms of communication situated between representation and re-presentation

Representation in a time of representation: design media processes in architectural education

This paper examines what is appropriate and valuable to include in architectural education in light of changing representational conventions and techniques. Architecture finds itself at a unique moment in time where the means of production for the profession, and indeed the entire discipline, are transforming and fundamentally undermine the existing models of education, production and understanding. The threat to architecture education is that architecture becomes learned techniques rather than a way of operating within a body of knowledge that grows and responds to its context. These digital media processes offer contemporary education new and challenging ways to communicate ideas, sometimes subverting the imperative for “drawing” as the representation does not refer to information in the abstract, but IS the information quite literally.

Impact of parental cannabis

This chapter aims to review the current knowledge about the effects of parental cannabis use on parenting behaviors and offspring development and to discuss the covering of the issue of parental cannabis use by mass media and public health organizations. Existing research has generally concluded that parental cannabis use is a significant risk factor for parenting and child development. However, there is still a paucity of empirical studies on this topic, and existing research presents important limitations, restraining our ability to conclude about the dangers of using cannabis when caring for a child. At this point, very little is known about the circumstances under which the use of cannabis is a risk factor for parenting and about the mechanisms through which parental cannabis use influences offspring development. The lack of hard facts addressing these issues allows for mass media to promote opinion-based publications that praise the parental use of cannabis

Prenatal Attachment, Parental Confidence, and Mental Health in Expecting Parents: The Role of Childhood Trauma

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154515/1/jmwh13034_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154515/2/jmwh13034.pd

Protection de l’enfance et participation des familles: cadre pour la transformation des cultures organisationnelles et l’adaptation des pratiques professionnelles

Le système de protection de l’enfance dans la plupart des pays occidentaux est l’objet de profondes réformes depuis sa mise en place à la fin des années 1970 (Gilbert, Parton et Skivenes, 2011). Sans surprise, le Québec suit une trajectoire semblable qui culmine en 2021 avec un rapport fouillé de plus de 500 pages, issu des travaux de la Commission spéciale sur les droits des enfants et la protection de la jeunesse (CSDEPJ), qui décrit les multiples ratées de son dispositif. Le premier constat de cette commission porte sur les lacunes structurelles et règlementaires visant la promotion et le respect des droits des enfants et, comme on le verra plus, la participation de ces derniers aux décisions et aux actions qui affectent leur vie. Le soutien et la participation des parents sont aussi soulignés comme étant des axes à renforcer. Plusieurs autres constats découlant de cette analyse inédite du système québécois de protection de l’enfance trouvent un écho direct dans le contenu de ce chapitre . L’objectif de celui-ci est de décrire le cadre de référence d’une approche participative en protection de l’enfance. Cette approche, clairement mise de l’avant dans les recommandations de la CSDEPJ (2021), constitue le principal motif de la collaboration entre les équipes de recherche qui travaillent en partenariat étroit avec des actrices de terrain dans différents contextes nationaux (Espagne, France, Italie, Québec) que les autrices et auteurs de ce chapitre représentent. Nous tenons toutefois à souligner que ce cadre de référence n’est pas un modèle qui impliquerait la présence de normes à suivre ou d’une recette à appliquer par les organisations de services et les intervenantes. La complexité du phénomène de la maltraitance envers les enfants se prête mal à une simplification des dispositifs institutionnels mis en place pour y répondre. Dès lors, avant de faire la présentation de ce cadre de référence, le concept de participation des enfants et des parents est exploré afin de bien saisir les enjeux qui sont présents dans ce champ de l’action publique