Spontaneous violation of chiral symmetry in QCD vacuum is the origin of baryon masses and determines baryon magnetic moments and their other static properties

A short review is presented of the spontaneous violation of chiral symmetry in QCD vacuum. It is demonstrated, that this phenomenon is the origin of baryon masses in QCD. The value of nucleon mass is calculated as well as the masses of hyperons and some baryonic resonances and expressed mainly through the values of quark condensates -- $, ~q=u,d,s$ -- the vacuum expectation values (v.e.v.) of quark field. The concept of vacuum expectation values induced by external fields is introduced. It is demonstrated that such v.e.v. induced by static electromagnetic field results in quark condensate magnetic susceptibility, which plays the main role in determination of baryon magnetic moments. The magnetic moments of proton, neutron and hyperons are calculated. The results of calculation of baryon octet $\beta$-decay constants are also presented.Comment: 13 pades, 5 figures. Dedicated to 85-birthday of acad. S.T.Belyaev. To be published in Phys.At.Nucl. Few references are correcte

Determination of the UV cut-off from the observed value of the Universe acceleration

It is shown that using of the equation of motion of the Universe scale factor allows calculation of the contribution of the vacuum fluctuations to the acceleration of the Universe expansion. Renormalization of the equation is needed only in the case of massive particles. Under a known number of the different kinds of fundamental fields, this provides determination of momentum of the ultraviolet cut-off from the observed value of acceleration.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figur

Interplay of gravitation and linear superposition of different mass eigenstates

The interplay of gravitation and the quantum-mechanical principle of linear superposition induces a new set of neutrino oscillation phases. These ensure that the flavor-oscillation clocks, inherent in the phenomenon of neutrino oscillations, redshift precisely as required by Einstein's theory of gravitation. The physical observability of these phases in the context of the solar neutrino anomaly, type-II supernovae, and certain atomic systems is briefly discussed

Secondary Instabilities of Surface Waves on Viscous Fluids in the Faraday Instability

Secondary instabilities of Faraday waves show three regimes: (1) As seen previously, low-viscosity (nu) fluids destabilize first into squares. At higher driving accelerations a, squares show low-frequency modulations corresponding to the motion of phase defects, while theory predicts a stationary transverse amplitude modulation (TAM). (2) High-nu fluids destabilize first to stripes. Stripes then show an oscillatory TAM whose frequency is incommensurate with the driving frequency. At higher a, the TAM undergoes a phase instability. At still higher a, edge dislocations form and fluid droplets are ejected. (3) Intermediate-nu fluids show a complex coexistence of squares and stripes, as well as stationary and oscillatory TAM instabilities of the stripes.Comment: REVTEX, with 3 separate uuencoded figures, to appear in Europhys. Let

Disentangling surface and bulk photoemission using circularly polarized light

We show that in the angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) near-surface induced fields can be useful for disentangling the surface and bulk related emission. The jump of the dielectric function at the interface results in a nonzero term $\operatorname{div}\textbf{A}$ in the photoemission matrix element. The term happens to be significant approximately within the first unit cell and leads to the circular dichroism for the states localized therein. As an example we use ARPES spectra of an YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{7-\delta}$ crystal to distinguish between the overdoped surface related component and its bulk counterparts.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

From Coulomb excitation cross sections to non-resonant astrophysical rates in three-body systems: 17^{17}Ne case

Coulomb and nuclear dissociation of $^{17}$Ne on light and heavy targets are studied theoretically. The dipole E1 strength function is determined in a broad energy range including energies of astrophysical interest. Dependence of the strength function on different parameters of the $^{17}$Ne ground state structure and continuum dynamics is analyzed in a three-body model. The discovered dependence plays an important role for studies of the strength functions for the three-body E1 dissociation and radiative capture. The constraints on the $[s^2]/[d^2]$ configuration mixing in $^{17}$Ne and on $p$-wave interaction in the $^{15}$O+$p$ channel are imposed based on experimental data for $^{17}$Ne Coulomb dissociation on heavy target.Comment: 12 pages, 13 figure

Theory of friction: contribution from fluctuating electromagnetic field

We calculate the friction force between two semi-infinite solids in relative parallel motion (velocity $V$), and separated by a vacuum gap of width $d$. The friction force result from coupling via a fluctuating electromagnetic field, and can be considered as the dissipative part of the van der Waals interaction. We consider the dependence of the friction force on the temperature $T$, and present a detailed discussion of the limiting cases of small and large $V$ and $d$.Comment: 15 pages, No figure

Rho-meson form factors and QCD sum rules

We present predictions for rho-meson form factors obtained from the analysis of QCD sum rules in next-to-leading order of perturbation theory. The radiative corrections turn out to be sizeable and should be taken into account in rigorous theoretical analysis.Comment: LaTeX file, 14 pages, 7 figure

Nonlinear statistics of quantum transport in chaotic cavities

Copyright © 2008 The American Physical Society.In the framework of the random matrix approach, we apply the theory of Selberg’s integral to problems of quantum transport in chaotic cavities. All the moments of transmission eigenvalues are calculated analytically up to the fourth order. As a result, we derive exact explicit expressions for the skewness and kurtosis of the conductance and transmitted charge as well as for the variance of the shot-noise power in chaotic cavities. The obtained results are generally valid at arbitrary numbers of propagating channels in the two attached leads. In the particular limit of large (and equal) channel numbers, the shot-noise variance attends the universal value 1∕64β that determines a universal Gaussian statistics of shot-noise fluctuations in this case.DFG and BRIEF