Singida Regional and District Projections

\ud This report presents population projections for the period 2003 to 2025 for Singida Region and its districts. The projections were made using a Cohort Component Method (Spectrum System), whereby three components responsible for population change, namely: mortality, fertility and\ud migration were projected separately as well as HIV/AIDS prevalence. The projected components were then applied to 2002 midyear base population in order to come up with the desired projections from 2003 to 2025. The report gives mortality, fertility, migration and HIV/AIDS assumptions, and shows Singida’s demographic and socio-economic future trends. The results include estimated population by sex in single years and five-year age groups as well as some demographic indicators. The results show that population growth for the period 2003 to 2025 shows a decrease in growth rates. The projections show that population growth rate will decrease from 2.4 percent in 2003 (with a population of 1,118,874) to 1.5 percent in 2025 (with a population of 1,897,726). Sex Ratio at birth is projected to increase from 95 males per 100 females in 2003 to 100 males per 100 females in 2025. Mortality estimates show that Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is expected to decline for both sexes from 84 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2003 to 43 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2025. Under Five Mortality Rate (U5MR) for both sexes will also decline from 135 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2003 to 62 deaths per 1,000 live births in the year 2025. The mortality projected estimates further show that the life expectancy at birth for females is higher compared to that of males as expected. Life expectancy at birth for Singida will increase from 55 years in 2003 to 63 years in 2025 for both sexes. For male population, life expectancy at birth will increase from 56 years in year 2003 to 63 years in 2025, while for female population, the life expectancy at birth will increase from 54 years in 2003 to 63 years in 2025. On fertility, TFR will decline from 6.0 children per woman in 2003 to 3.0 children per woman in 2025.\u

Implementation evaluation and refinement of an intervention to improve blunt chest injury management—A mixed-methods study

© 2017 The Authors. Journal of Clinical Nursing Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Aims and objectives: To investigate uptake of a Chest Injury Protocol (ChIP), examine factors influencing its implementation and identify interventions for promoting its use. Background: Failure to treat blunt chest injuries in a timely manner with sufficient analgesia, physiotherapy and respiratory support, can lead to complications such as pneumonia and respiratory failure and/or death. Design: This is a mixed-methods implementation evaluation study. Methods: Two methods were used: (i) identification and review of the characteristics of all patients eligible for the ChIP protocol, and (ii) survey of hospital staff opinions mapped to the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to identify barriers and facilitators to implementation. The characteristics and treatment received between the groups were compared using the chi-square test or Fischer's exact test for proportions, and the Mann–Whitney U-test for continuous data. Quantitative survey data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data were coded in NVivo 10 using a coding guide based on the TDF and Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW). Identification of interventions to change target behaviours was sourced from the Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy Version 1 in consultation with stakeholders. Results: Only 68.4% of eligible patients received ChIP. Fifteen facilitators and 10 barriers were identified to influence the implementation of ChIP in the clinical setting. These themes were mapped to 10 of the 14 TDF domains and corresponded with all nine intervention functions in the BCW. Seven of these intervention functions were selected to address the target behaviours and a multi-faceted relaunch of the revised protocol developed. Following re-launch, uptake increased to 91%. Conclusions: This study demonstrated how the BCW may be used to revise and improve a clinical protocol in the ED context. Relevance to clinical practice: Newly implemented clinical protocols should incorporate clinician behaviour change assessment, strategy and interventions. Enhancing the self-efficacy of emergency nurses when performing assessments has the potential to improve patient outcomes and should be included in implementation strategy

Sea cucumber conservation in Palk Bay and Gulf of Mannar, India "An evaluation of the current conservation measures on sea cucumber stocks in Palk Bay and Gulf of Mannar of India"

Sea cucumber fishery and trade were one of the top non-finfish income streams for the coastal people of Palk Bay and Gulf of Mannar in the South East coast of India. As there was no regulation to control the fishery, there was a concern on decline in sea cucumber populations. In order to conserve the over-exploited stocks, the Ministry of Environment, Forestry and Climate Change, Government of India banned the fishery and trade of sea cucumbers by including them under Wild Life Protection Act 1972 since 2001. The enforcement of a blanket ban of sea cucumber fishing over the last 14 years might have helped in reviving their populations; at the same time, the ban would possibly had a social and economic impact on scores of people, who were dependent on the sea cucumber fishery. To understand the situation, the Bay of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem (BOBLME) project approved a short term project to Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (India). The project was intended to understand the sea cucumber stocks and implications of the ban on the livelihood of fishers in Palk Bay and Gulf of Mannar. The purpose of the project was also to suggest management options for conservation and sustainable use of sea cucumber resources

Status of sea cucumber resources and impact of fishing ban on the livelihood of fishers in Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay

The sea cucumbers constitute an important part of non-fish income source for thousands of fishers along Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay of south east coast of India. The fishery which is more than thousand years old was introduced by the Chinese stationed at Ramanathapuram, for preparing a dried sea cucumber product Beche-de-mer. The sea cucumber fishery in Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay was artisanal in nature and consisted of fishermen who were good divers, the processors who acted as middlemen and the exporters. The sea cucumbers were chiefly collected by skin diving to a depth of 1.5 to 6.0 m in the shallow seas using nonmechanised country crafts. They were also caught as by-catch in trawlers locally known as Thallu madi (an indigenous modified trawler operating on wind power in shallow waters), besides the Chanku madi and Attai madi which were operated in deeper coastal waters

Improving Seventh Grade Students' Learning of Ratio and Proportion: The Role of Schema-Based Instruction

The present study evaluated the effectiveness of an instructional intervention (schema-based instruction, SBI) that was designed to meet the diverse needs of middle school students by addressing the research literatures from both special education and mathematics education. Specifically, SBI emphasizes the role of the mathematical structure of problems and also provides students with a heuristic to aid and self-monitor problem solving. Further, SBI addresses well-articulated problem solving strategies and supports flexible use of the strategies based on the problem situation. One hundred forty eight seventh-grade students and their teachers participated in a 10-day intervention on learning to solve ratio and proportion word problems, with classrooms randomly assigned to SBI or a control condition. Results suggested that students in SBI treatment classes outperformed students in control classes on a problem solving measure, both at posttest and on a delayed posttest administered 4 months later. However, the two groups' performance was comparable on a state standardized mathematics achievement test

Effect of streptolysin 'O' on subcellular organelle of tissue culture

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Enhanced viral haemagglutination with trypsinised erythrocytes

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Coenzyme Q10 Prevents Insulin Signaling Dysregulation and Inflammation Prior to Development of Insulin Resistance in Male Offspring of a Rat Model of Poor Maternal Nutrition and Accelerated Postnatal Growth.

Low birth weight and rapid postnatal growth increases the risk of developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in later life. However, underlying mechanisms and potential intervention strategies are poorly defined. Here we demonstrate that male Wistar rats exposed to a low-protein diet in utero that had a low birth weight but then underwent postnatal catch-up growth (recuperated offspring) had reductions in the insulin signaling proteins p110-β (13% ± 6% of controls [P < .001]) and insulin receptor substrate-1 (39% ± 10% of controls [P < .05]) in adipose tissue. These changes were not accompanied by any change in expression of the corresponding mRNAs, suggesting posttranscriptional regulation. Recuperated animals displayed evidence of a proinflammatory phenotype of their adipose tissue with increased IL-6 (139% ± 8% [P < .05]) and IL1-β (154% ± 16% [P < .05]) that may contribute to the insulin signaling protein dysregulation. Postweaning dietary supplementation of recuperated animals with coenzyme Q (CoQ10) (1 mg/kg of body weight per day) prevented the programmed reduction in insulin receptor substrate-1 and p110-β and the programmed increased in IL-6. These findings suggest that postweaning CoQ10 supplementation has antiinflammatory properties and can prevent programmed changes in insulin-signaling protein expression. We conclude that CoQ10 supplementation represents an attractive intervention strategy to prevent the development of insulin resistance that results from suboptimal in utero nutrition.This work was supported by The British Heart Foundation [PG/09/037/27387, FS/09/029/27902]; Medical Research Council [MC UU 12012/4] and Diabetes UK [12/0004508]. SEO is a member of the MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit. IPH is supported by the Department of Health’s NIHR Biomedical Research Centres funding scheme at UCLH/UCL.This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the Endocrine Society via http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2015-142

Cytotoxicity of serum and cerebrospinal fluid from cases of acute encephalopathy

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