Creating an ethical organizational environment: The relationship between ethical leadership, ethical organizational climate, and unethical behavior

The purpose of this research is to provide a richer lens on the ethical organizational environment by examining the relationship between ethical leadership and unit‐level unethical behavior through ethical organizational climate (EOC), with collective moral identity as a boundary condition. In testing our theoretical model, we first develop and validate a measure of EOC to address concerns with existing measures of ethical climate. Second, we examine the role of collective moral identity as a moderator of the relationship between EOC and unit unethical behavior. We discuss implications regarding the importance of developing a more comprehensive conceptualization of EOC.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154480/1/peps12356.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154480/2/peps12356_am.pd

Pre-fire Treatment Effects and Understory Plant Community Response on the Rodeo-chediski Fire, Arizona

High severity wildfires have been increasing across southwestern ponderosa pine forests in recent decades. As the effects of wildfire become more widespread across the landscape, the need for information about the ecological effects of fire on understory vegetation is mounting. We investigated understory plant community response to the Rodeo-Chediski fire by conducting parallel studies on the White Mountain Apache Tribal lands (WMAT) and the Apache-Sitgreaves National Forests (A-S). We estimated plant canopy cover by species and quantified total plant species richness on 1000m2 plots. We established 71 plots on WMAT lands. Plots were stratified by fire severity (low and high) and pre-fire treatment (cut/burned and untreated). We found significantly higher plant cover on areas that were burned by severe fire, but did not detect significant differences due to pre-fire treatment. There was no significant difference in cover of exotic species between high and low severity sites. Indicator species were primarily early successional species or species that were included in the post-fire seed mix. We established 84 plots on the A-S. This study consisted of 7 paired stands of treated (pre-fire fuel reduction) and untreated sites. These sites had been established by the USDA Forest Service in 2002 after the fire to assess effectiveness of fuel-reduction treatments in altering fire behavior. We found significantly higher plant cover on areas that had not been treated, and had therefore burned with higher severity. There was no 2 significant difference in cover of exotic species between treated and untreated stands. Indicator species were primarily early successional species or species that were included in the post-fire seed mix. In both studies we found a limited response of exotics, which is surprising given the history of active management by both land agencies. Other studies have shown higher exotic species presence following severe wildfires in areas with histories of active management that included practices such as logging, grazing, and seeding. The pre-fire plant community must not have had large populations of exotic species, despite past management practices to result in a native-dominated post-fire community. Whether the few exotic species we observed, including a number of species seeded following the fire, persist and spread in the post-fire plant community remains to be seen

Clinical outcome and long-term follow-up after liposuction procedures

Liposuction is one of the most common aesthetic procedure used in plastic surgery. Reports are available on the results, the probable complications, and the feedback of patients. However, systematic studies dealing with these aspects using reliable large-enough data are still needed. The data comprised 116 procedures during a 6-year period up to 2005. The data were processed and categories of results were formed. Furthermore, a follow-up examination and a survey on the feedback of patients were carried out. Significant differences were identified in indications, results, and complications. The follow-up examinations and the survey showed satisfying results. In the majority of cases, surgeons were satisfied with the operations. In conclusion, if conducted by qualified surgeons in appropriate surgical conditions and postoperative care possibilities, liposuction may be considered as a reliable surgical procedure. The success of this procedure depends, however, on suitable infrastructure and operative competenc

Spatio-temporal patterns in the Hantavirus infection

We present a model of the infection of Hantavirus in deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus, based on biological observations of the system in the North American Southwest. The results of the analysis shed light on relevant observations of the biological system, such as the sporadical disappearance of the infection, and the existence of foci or ``refugia'' that perform as reservoirs of the virus when environmental conditions are less than optimal.Comment: 6 pages, 5 inlined figures, RevTeX 4 forma

Retrospective analysis and clinical evaluation of mandible reconstruction with free fibula flap

The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the indications for and the functional and cosmetic results of mandible reconstruction using free vascularized fibular flaps. It was also designed to assess the patients' quality of life, daily activities, and self-esteem, with special emphasis on patient satisfaction. We conducted a retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent osseus or osteocutaneous free flap reconstruction of the mandible over a 10-year period (1992-2002). Those in whom a vascularized fibular flap was used were included in the study and invited for a follow-up comprehensive physical examination and x-ray evaluation. A questionnaire was also administered to evaluate patient satisfaction. Twenty-six patients were included in the study. Fourteen patients died after an average of 2years and 9months postoperatively due to their prognosis despite surgical intervention and adjuvant therapy. Of the remaining 12 patients, 6 appeared for the follow-up evaluation, 2 were unavailable for follow-up, and 4 denied participating. Of these 6 patients, all experienced a decrease in pain and were satisfied with their results. At the time of the latest follow-up, they experienced some difficulties swallowing, and in 3 patients, their articulation was impaired. All 6 patients would undergo the procedure again. Reconstruction of the mandible using a vascularized fibular graft produces satisfactory functional and cosmetic results. In benign lesions, the procedure is highly indicated. However, in the case of malignancy, most patients do not survive their primary tumor. Given the patients limited life expectancy, the improvement in their quality of life as a result of the improved appearance and function of the reconstructed mandible needs to be weighed against the potential morbidity of the operative intervention on an individual basi

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Education Issues and Legislative Options

Congressional Research Service (CRS) report entailing information about science technology, engineering, and mathematic (STEM) education issues and legislative options. Topics include, STEM education in the united states, federal programs that promote STEM education, proposals to improve stem education, etc.

Searches for violation of fundamental time reversal and space reflection symmetries in solid state experiments

The electric dipole moment (EDM) of a particle violates both time reversal (T) and space reflection (P) symmetries. There have been recent suggestions for searches of the electron EDM using solid state experiments [1,2]. These experiments could improve the sensitivity compared to present atomic and molecular experiments by several orders of magnitude. In the present paper we calculate the expected effect. We also suggest that this kind of experiment is sensitive to T,P-violation in nuclear forces and calculate effects caused by the nuclear Schiff moment. The compounds under consideration contain magnetic Gd$^{3+}$ ions and oxygen O$^{2-}$ ions. We demonstrate that the main mechanism for the T,P-odd effects is related to the penetration of the Oxygen 2p-electrons to the Gd core. All the effects are related to the deformation of the crystal lattice.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figure

A study of long-term potentiation in transgenic mice over-expressing mutant forms of both amyloid precursor protein and presenilin-1

RIGHTS : This article is licensed under the BioMed Central licence at http://www.biomedcentral.com/about/license which is similar to the 'Creative Commons Attribution Licence'. In brief you may : copy, distribute, and display the work; make derivative works; or make commercial use of the work - under the following conditions: the original author must be given credit; for any reuse or distribution, it must be made clear to others what the license terms of this work are.Abstract Synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation (LTP) in the CA1 region of hippocampal slices have been studied during ageing of a double transgenic mouse strain relevant to early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease (AD). This strain, which over-expresses both the 695 amino acid isoform of human amyloid precursor protein (APP) with K670N and M671L mutations and presenilin 1 with the A246E mutation, has accelerated amyloidosis and plaque formation. There was a decrease in synaptic transmission in both wildtype and transgenic mice between 2 and 9 months of age. However, preparing slices from 14 month old animals in kynurenic acid (1 mM) counteracted this age-related deficit. Basal transmission and paired-pulse facilitation was similar between the two groups at all ages (2, 6, 9 and 14 months) tested. Similarly, at all ages LTP, induced either by theta burst stimulation or by multiple tetani, was normal. These data show that a prolonged, substantially elevated level of Aβ are not sufficient to cause deficits in the induction or expression of LTP in the CA1 hippocampal region.Published versio

Wrinkling of the facings of aluminum and stainless steel sandwich subjected to edgewise compression

Information reviewed and reaffirmed in 1965. Original report issued December 1959

Retrospective analysis and clinical evaluation of mandible reconstruction with free fibula flap

The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the indications for and the functional and cosmetic results of mandible reconstruction using free vascularized fibular flaps. It was also designed to assess the patients' quality of life, daily activities, and self-esteem, with special emphasis on patient satisfaction. We conducted a retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent osseus or osteocutaneous free flap reconstruction of the mandible over a 10-year period (1992-2002). Those in whom a vascularized fibular flap was used were included in the study and invited for a follow-up comprehensive physical examination and x-ray evaluation. A questionnaire was also administered to evaluate patient satisfaction. Twenty-six patients were included in the study. Fourteen patients died after an average of 2years and 9months postoperatively due to their prognosis despite surgical intervention and adjuvant therapy. Of the remaining 12 patients, 6 appeared for the follow-up evaluation, 2 were unavailable for follow-up, and 4 denied participating. Of these 6 patients, all experienced a decrease in pain and were satisfied with their results. At the time of the latest follow-up, they experienced some difficulties swallowing, and in 3 patients, their articulation was impaired. All 6 patients would undergo the procedure again. Reconstruction of the mandible using a vascularized fibular graft produces satisfactory functional and cosmetic results. In benign lesions, the procedure is highly indicated. However, in the case of malignancy, most patients do not survive their primary tumor. Given the patients limited life expectancy, the improvement in their quality of life as a result of the improved appearance and function of the reconstructed mandible needs to be weighed against the potential morbidity of the operative intervention on an individual basi