Structural characterization and vibrational studies of human urinary stones from Istanbul, Turkey

Seven human urinary stones were collected from urinary bladders of patients hailing from Istanbul, Turkey. Their XRD, EDX, FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra as well as SEM images have been recorded to determine their chemical compositions, morphologies, crystal structures, and crystallite sizes. XRD and vibrational (FT-IR and FT-Raman) analyses indicate that six out of the seven stones have identical contents. The ratios of organic and inorganic contents of the stones have been determined by their thermogravimetric analyses. The stones have been found to contain calcium oxalate monohydrate and apatite as the major components. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Fluorescence Reduction in Raman Spectroscopy by Chemical Bleaching on Renal Stones

In this study, a hydrogen peroxide-based chemical bleaching technique was applied on two different types of renal stones. The characterization was achieved after the bleaching process. They were identified as calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate monohydrate. The samples were analyzed using dispersive Raman spectroscopy with a 532-nm excitation laser. To compare the results, the samples were measured using both FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopy. Consequently, the mineral/matrix ratio of Raman bands changed for both samples, but without any noticeable frequency shifts in the Raman spectra