3-{[6-(4-Chlorophenyl)imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-1,2-benzoxazole

In the title compound, C18H11ClN4OS, the benzisoxazole and imidazothiadiazole rings are inclined at an angle of 23.81 (7)degrees with respect to each other. The imidazothiadiazole and chlorophenyl rings make a dihedral angle of 27.34 (3)degrees. In the crystal, intermolecular C-H center dot center dot center dot N interactions generate a chain along the c axis and C-H center dot center dot center dot O interactions form centrosymmetric dimers resulting in an R-2(2)(26) graph-set motif. Moreover, the C-H center dot center dot center dot N and S center dot center dot center dot N [3.206 (4) angstrom] interactions links the molecules into R(7) ring motifs. The packing is further stabilized by pi-pi stacking interactions between the thiadiazole rings with a shortest centroid-centroid distance of 3.497 (3) angstrom. In addition, C-H center dot center dot center dot pi interactions are observed in the crystal structur

Crystal and Molecular Structure of 7-Methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1] benzothieno[2,3-d] pyrimidin-4[3H] one

X-ray characterization of 7-methyl-5,6,7,8- tetrahydro[1] benzothieno [2,3-d] pyrimidin-4[3H] one is described. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c with a=7.0013(2) angstrom, b=8.3116(3)angstrom, c=18.374(6)angstrom, beta=91.746(2)degrees, V=1068.76(6)angstrom(3), z=4. The structure was solved using the direct method and refined to reliability R-factor of 0.0639 using 3180 independent reflections The crystal structure is further stabilized by intermolecular C-H center dot center dot center dot N, N-H center dot center dot center dot N C-H center dot center dot center dot O, N-H center dot center dot center dot O, and pi-pi interactions

Multi-physics based Simulations of an Oleo-pneumatic Shock Absorber System for PHM

The paper presents multi-physics (Mechanical, Thermal, Hydraulic, and Pneumatic) based modelling and simulation of an Oleo-pneumatic shock absorber with fault capabilities. The fault simulated in this model is leakage due to eccentricity. The one-dimensional shock absorber system models to give loads at different sink velocities. These load values, used in the structural model to do static stress analysis. By using these loads directly from the system model eliminates the error in load computation from the load’s group, thereby eliminating the time and cost involved in this activity. The models and static stress analyses carried out with both 1-D and 3-D elements. The 3-D landing gear model meshed with using both auto and manual mesh generation options. The consequences of both 1-D and 3-D models mesh generation, discussed in this paper. The static stress analysis, compared with the experimental results and it is found that the results are within 5% deviation. Based on the static stress and fatigue analysis computed the life of a landing gear

6-(4-Bromo­phen­yl)-2-(4-fluoro­benz­yl)imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thia­diazole

In the title compound, C17H11BrFN3S, the imidazothia­diazole and bromo­phenyl rings are individually almost planar, with maximum deviations of 0.0215 (4) and 0.0044 (4) Å, respectively, and are inclined at an angle of 27.34 (3)° with respect to each other. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the fluoro­benzyl and imidazothia­diazole rings is 79.54 (3)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by inter­molecular C—H⋯N inter­actions resulting in chains of mol­ecules along the b axis

Botox in periodontics - Exploring new avenues

From a periodontal point of view, various factors contribute to facial aesthetics. In the recent past, studies have revealed that excessive gingival display is a factor that influences an individual’ smile line. Some literature exists to support that more than excessive gingival display of more than 3mm is considered unaesthetic and termed a ‘gummy smile’ (GS). The prevalence of 'gummy smile’ has been 10% and to be more common in females. Gingival hyperplasia altered passive eruption, vertical maxillary excess, and upper-lip hypermobility can all result in excessive gingival display when a patient smile.To select the correct treatment protocol, accurate diagnosis is essential. Various techniques have been used to treat gummy smile which includes surgical and non-surgical methods. Recently a non-surgical method using Botulinum toxin gained popularity considering that the method is minimally invasive

7-Methyl-5,6,7,8-tetra­hydro-1-benzo­thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine

In the title compound, C11H13N3S, two of the C atoms of the cyclo­hexene ring and the methyl group attached to it are disordered over two sets of sites in a 0.544 (2):0.456 (2) ratio. The benzothiene and pyrimidine rings are almost coplanar with an angular tilt of 2.371 (9)° between them. The thio­phene ring is essentially planar (r.m.s. deviation 0.05 Å), while the cyclo­hexene ring in both the major- and minor-occupancy conformers adopts a half-chair conformation. In the crystal structure, pairs of intermolecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds involving the amino groups result in centrosymmetric head-to-head dimers about inversion centres, corresponding to an R 2 2(8) graph-set motif. Further, N—H⋯N hydrogen bonding generates a two-dimensional hydrogen-bonded network perpendicular to the ac plane and running along the diagonal of the ac plane

2-Amino-6-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetra­hydro-1-benzothio­phene-3-carbonitrile

In the title compound, C10H12N2S, one of the C atoms of the cyclo­hexene ring (at position 6) and the methyl group attached to it are disordered over two sets of sites in a 0.650 (3):0.350 (3) ratio. The cyclo­hexene ring in both the major and minor occupancy conformers adopts a half-chair conformation. The thio­phene ring is essentially planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.05 Å). In the crystal, N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds involving the amino groups result in inversion dimers with R 2 2(12) graph-set motif. Further N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds involving the amino and carbonitrile groups generate zigzag chains along the a axis

2-Amino-7-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetra­hydro-1-benzothio­phene-3-carbonitrile

In the title compound, C9H8N2OS, the benzothio­phene ring is substituted with amino, oxo and carbonitrile groups. The thio­phene ring is essentially planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0003 Å), while the cyclo­hexene ring is in a half-chair conformation. In the crystal, N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds generate chains of mol­ecules in a zigzag pattern along the b axis. Pairs of N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds form centrosymmetric head-to-head dimers about inversion centres, corresponding to an R 2 2(12) graph-set motif. In addition, rather weak N—H⋯S inter­actions are also present in the structure and the supra­molecular assembly is further consolidated by π–π stacking inter­actions between the benzothio­phene rings, disposed at a distance of 3.742 (3) Å

Targeted interventions of the Avahan program and their association with intermediate outcomes among female sex workers in Maharashtra, India

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Avahan, the India AIDS Initiative has been a partner supporting targeted interventions of high risk populations under India’s National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO) since 2004 in the state of Maharashtra. This paper presents an assessment of the Avahan program among female sex workers (FSWs) in Maharashtra, its coverage, outcomes achieved and their association with Avahan program.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>An analytical framework based on the Avahan evaluation design was used, addressing assessment questions on program implementation, intermediate outcomes and association of outcomes with Avahan. Data from routine program monitoring, two rounds of cross-sectional Integrated Behavioural and Biological Assessments (IBBAs) conducted in 2006 (Round 1- R1) and 2009 (Round 2 – R2) and quality assessments of program clinics were used. Bi-variate and multivariate analysis were conducted using the complex samples module in SPSS 15® (IBM, Somers NY).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The Avahan program achieved coverage of over 66% of FSWs within four years of implementation. The IBBA data showed increased contact by peers in R2 compared to R1 (AOR:2.34; p=0.001). Reported condom use with clients increased in R2 and number of FSWs reporting zero unprotected sex acts increased from 76.2% (R1) to 94.6% (R2) [AOR: 5.1, p=0.001].</p> <p>Significant declines were observed in prevalence of syphilis (RPR) (15.8% to 10.8%; AOR:0.54; p=0.001), chlamydia (8% to 6.2%; AOR:.0.65; p=0.010) and gonorrohoea (7.4% to 3.9; AOR:.0.60; p=0.026) between R1 and R2. HIV prevalence increased (25.8% to 27.5%; AOR:1.29; p=0.04). District-wise analysis showed decline in three districts and increase in Mumbai and Thane districts.</p> <p>FSWs exposed to Avahan had higher consistent condom use with occasional (94.3% vs. 90.6%; AOR: 1.55; p=0.04) and regular clients (92.5% vs. 86.0%; AOR: 1.95, p=0.001) compared to FSWs unexposed to Avahan. Decline in high titre syphilis was associated with Avahan exposure.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The Avahan program was scaled up and achieved high coverage of FSWs in Maharashtra amidst multiple intervention players. Avahan coverage of FSWs was associated with improved safe sexual practices and declines in STIs. Prevalence of HIV increased requiring more detailed understanding of the data and, if confirmed, new approaches for HIV control.</p

2-Phenyl-8,9,10,11-tetra­hydro-1-benzo­thieno[3,2-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine

In the title compound, C17H14N4S, the benzothieno moiety is fused at one end of the pyramidine ring while the triazole ring with a phenyl substituent is fused at the other side. The triazole ring is almost planar [maximum deviation = 0.0028 (3) Å] while the cyclo­hexane ring adopts a half-chair conformation. In the crystal, pairs of inter­molecular C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds form centrosymmetric head-to-head dimers, corresponding to an R 2 2(8) graph-set motif. Further C—H⋯N inter­actions generate a zigzag chain of mol­ecules along the c axis. The supra­molecular assembly is consolidated by π–π stacking inter­actions [centroid–centroid distance = 3.445 (4) Å]