Comparison of Estimators in GLM with Binary Data

Maximum likelihood estimates (MLE) of regression parameters in the generalized linear models (GLM) are biased and their bias is non negligible when sample size is small. This study focuses on the GLM with binary data with multiple observations on response for each predictor value when sample size is small. The performance of the estimation methods in Cordeiro and McCullagh (1991), Firth (1993) and Pardo et al. (2005) are compared for GLM with binary data using an extensive Monte Carlo simulation study. Performance of these methods for three real data sets is also compared

Simultaneous estimation of aspirin and omeprazole in laboratory sample by different UV spectrophotometric techniques

The aim of the present work is to develop simple, precise and economic UV- spectrophotometric methods for the simultaneous estimation of aspirin and omeprazole laboratory sample. The absorbance maxima (?max) for detection of aspirin and omeprazole were selected as 274 nm and 302 nm respectively for simultaneous equation method while wavelength range for detection of aspirin and omeprazole were selected as 270 nm - 276 nm and 300 nm - 305 nm respectively for area under curve method. Absorbance ratio method uses the ratio of absorbances at two selected wavelengths, one which is an isoabsorptive point and other being the ? max of one of the two components. From the overlay spectra of two drugs, it is evident that aspirin and omeprazole show an isoabsorptive point at 238.6 nm. Zero crossing first derivative spectrophotometry, where Aspirin showed zero crossing point at 301nm and Omeprazole showed zero crossing point at 274nm. Linearity for Aspirin was between 25- 125 ?g/mL and Omeprazole was 3-15 ?g/mL. These methods were successfully applied for estimation of Aspirin and Omeprazole in laboratory sample

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE THIN LAYERCHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR CIPROFLOXACIN BY QUALITY BY DESIGN APPROACH

Objective: The aim of this paper is to create a new, systematic high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for ciprofloxacin that is based on quality by design (QbD). Methods: The mobile phase was chloroform: IPA: H2O: Formic Acid (2:7:0.5:0.5V/V), and the chromatographic separation was performed on aluminum-backed silica gel 60 F254 plates. Ciprofloxacin was detected using UV light at 278nm. In factor screening studies, a 3-factor 17-run standard 3-level factorial design was used, and a Box-Behnken design was used to optimize HPTLC experimental parameters for obtaining anticipated chromatographic conditions. The basic method parameters were tested to understand risk assessment. Three independent parameters, such as saturation time, band duration, and migration distance, were chosen and analyzed based on the risk assessment to see if these three parameters influenced the responses. For ciprofloxacin, the method produces a compact and well-resolved band at Rf = 0.40 0.02. In the linear regression analysis performed on ciprofloxacin, the regression coefficient was found to be r2 = 0.996. Results: According to the International Council on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines, it was validated for validation parameters such as accuracy, precision, robustness, the limit of detection, and the limit of quantification. The proposed method for ciprofloxacin determination was found to be straightforward, precise, reliable, stable, and sensitive. Conclusion: The QbD method produced a more robust method that can generate accurate, high-quality, and reliable data during the process, and it can be effectively used in the routine inspection of Ciprofloxacin in the tablets dosage form

An overview of technology transfer in industry

The objective of this review article is to study how technology is transferred in the pharmaceutical industry. This review article is to discuss the procedure for technology transfer process in pharmaceutical industry, importance of technology transfer, reasons for using technology transfer, methods of technology transfer, facets of technology transfer, list of institutes in Indian assisting in technology transfer, organization of technology transfer, function of technology transfer, steps involved in technology transfer, few case of involved in the technology transfer in the pharmaceutical industry and understand the aspects related with technology transfer

Comparative study of complications and final outcome between bone patellar tendon bone and hamstring auotgraft in ACL reconstruction

Background: The most common current graft choices in ACL reconstruction are the bone-patellar tendon–bone (BPTB) graft and the quadrupled Hamstring graft. Though BPTB is considered to be the gold standard; hamstring tendon (HT) grafts have increased in popularity over last decade. Our aim in this study is to assess the complications, comorbidities, difficulties and final outcome between BPTB and Hamstring grafts in ACL reconstruction.Methods: 71 male patients with isolated tear of ACL between age group of 18-45 years were included in the study. 35 patients in group A underwent ACL reconstruction using bone patellar tendon bone autograft and 35 patients in group B were managed by reconstructing ACL using quadrupled Hamstring autograft. All the patients in both the groups were followed up at 08 weeks,06 months and 01 year post surgery and evaluated by Lysholm knee scoring system.Results: The Lysholm scoring scale scores in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction showed that BPTB group and Hamstring group have similar outcome. One case (2.8%) each of patellar fracture and graft contamination occurred in BPTB group. There were 09 cases of superficial infection of which 03 were from BPTB group and 06 were from Hamstring group. Conclusions: There is statistically no significant difference in the overall clinical outcome between bone-patellar tendon- bone and Hamstring autografts. With precise surgical techniques, meticulous attention to sterility and proper wound closure most of the complications in both the techniques can be minimized or avoided

Evaluation of Ponseti method in correction of congenital talipes equinovarus

Background: Congenital idiopathic clubfoot is a complex foot deformity often requires many months of treatment and frequently resulted in incomplete or defective correction by older methods. Deformity can be corrected with serial manipulation and casting with minimal or no surgery as reported by Ponseti. This study is an attempt to evaluate the effectiveness of Ponseti technique in treatment of idiopathic congenital talipes equino varus.Methods: 30 patients between age group of 01 to 24 weeks with 48 feet having congenital idiopathic clubfoot were treated using Ponseti technique. The guidelines for treatment were followed as per the Ponseti method of serial manipulation and casting at weekly intervals.Results: 43 (89.58%) cases were treated successfully by using Ponseti technique without need of extensive surgery. 42 feet required tenotomy. 38 (79.16%) feet had an excellent outcome, 5 (10.42%) feet had a fair outcome and 05 feet (10.42%) had poor outcome as measured by the Pirani scoring system. 7 (14.58%) patients had cast related complications.Conclusions: The Ponseti method is a safe, effective and reproducible method for correction of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus which significantly reduces the rate of extensive corrective surgeries for correction of clubfoot

Stable Field Emission from Layered MoS2 Nanosheets in High Vacuum and Observation of 1/f Noise

Field emission and current noise of hydrothermally synthesized MoS2 nanosheets are investigated in ultra-high-vacuum and industrially suited high-vacuum conditions. The study reveals that the emission turn-on field is pressure dependent. Moreover, the MoS2 nano‐sheets exhibit more stable field-electron emission in high- vacuum than in ultra-high-vacuum conditions. The investigations on field-emission current fluctuations show features of 1/f-type noise in ultra-high-vacuum and high-vacuum conditions, attributed to adsorption and desorption processes. The post-field-emission results indicate the MoS2 nanosheets are a robust field emitter in high-vacuum conditions

Effect of substrate thermal resistance on space-domain microchannel

In recent years, Fluorescent Melting Curve Analysis (FMCA) has become an almost ubiquitous feature of commercial quantitative PCR (qPCR) thermal cyclers. Here a micro-fluidic device is presented capable of performing FMCA within a microchannel. The device consists of modular thermally conductive blocks which can sandwich a microfluidic substrate. Opposing ends of the blocks are held at differing temperatures and a linear thermal gradient is generated along the microfluidic channel. Fluorescent measurements taken from a sample as it passes along the micro-fluidic channel permits fluorescent melting curves to be generated. In this study we measure DNA melting temperature from two plasmid fragments. The effects of flow velocity and ramp-rate are investigated, and measured melting curves are compared to those acquired from a commercially available PCR thermocycler