Transposition of EU Transport policy directives. Why so much diversity?

Session 1: Governance in the European Unio

A dearth of legislative vetoes: why the Council and Parliament have been reluctant to veto Commission legislation

Several reforms have taken place at the EU level to try and address the criticism that EU decision-making suffers from a democratic deficit. Drawing on recent research, Michael Kaeding and Kevin M. Stack assess one such reform: the provision of powers for the Council of the European Union and the European Parliament to veto so called ‘secondary legislation’ put forward by the European Commission. They find that the use of these veto powers has been extremely limited, although this does not necessarily mean the reforms have been ineffective, but rather that they may have impacted on the bargaining dynamics of informal negotiations between the institutions

Better regulation in the European Union : lost in translation or full stream ahead? : the transposition of EU transport directives across member states

Better regulation in the European Union cannot be achieved without serious attention to transposition of EU law into national legislation. As a matter of fact, EU member states breach EU law __ perpetuately. Why do member states miss deadlines when transposing EU internal market directives? What factors determine delays when transposing EU directives? How do these factors influence the timeliness of the national transposition processes? And under what conditions are transpositions of directives delayed? This study analyses the timeliness of national transposition processes across nine member states of the 2004 EU transport acquis. Based on a truly mixed-method approach __ a new quantitative data set with further insights gleaned from four controlled case studies and a concluding fuzzy set analysis - this study shows that the European Union has a serious transposition problem. Almost 70 percent of all national legal measures transposing the transport acquis cause problems, either because they are transposed too late, risking the opening of an infringement proceeding, or because they are too early (gold-plating), risking warping effects on the regulatory environment for business and citizens in the EU alike. Furthermore, this book provides some progress regarding the conditions under which transposition performance of member states could be improved. Seven potential European and national drivers and constrainers for timely transposition can be identified with different effects on the lengths of transposition delays. Distinguishing between three outcomes of transposition process (on time, short and long delay) it is the specific features of European directives that account for short term delays, whereas serious time lags of more than six months are a result of domestic factors. Furthermore, the timing of general elections in a member state and policy sector-related crises retard or rather accelerate national transposition processes just as political priority represents a significant necessary condition for timeliness.LEI Universiteit LeidenThe politics and administration of institutional change - ou

Trends in Characteristics of Yellowstone Lake Cutthroat Trout, Associated Factors, and Evidence of a Population Shift

Comprehensive time-series data for Yellowstone cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkia bouvieri; YCT) based on samples taken between 1977 and 2007 from the spawning run (spring; n = 29 yrs) of a tributary (Clear Creek) of Yellowstone Lake or caught in gill nets set (fall; n = 30 years) at established locations in the lake were examined to identify (1) associations between population characteristics within and between capture methods, as well as temporal trends in those characteristics, (2) evidence of informative shifts in population characteristics, and (3) factors that may have importantly affected the dynamics of the lacustrine-adfluvial YCT population of the tributary. Temporal increases in mean TL of YCT in the spawning run and of prespawners, i.e., YCT whose gonads indicated the fish would have spawned the next year, in the gillnet catch and concurrent declines in run size and prespawner catch were suggestive of an effect of YCT population density on the somatic growth of the fish. Similarly, a concurrent increase in mean TL of gillnetted YCT 100-199 mm long was indicated by the polynomial regression results, which also suggested statistical change points in the temporal trends for each of those variables. Contrasting those trends was that for mean TL of gillnetted YCT 200-299 mm long, whose general decline during the past two decades was attributed to predation by nonnative lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). Collectively, these trends provided evidence of a YCT population shift. Correlation results indicated YCT in the spawning run could not be unequivocally assigned to any particular lake region. Multiple regression analyses showed that Clear Creek run size was strongly affected by parental run size 5 yrs earlier and a measure of climate 5 yrs earlier

Globalisation, European Integration and Social Protection - Patterns of Change or Continuity?

Sociale cohesie en sociaal-economische vraagstukke

Nonleptonic Two-Body Decays of D Mesons in Broken SU(3)

Decays of the D mesons to two pseudoscalars, to two vectors, and to pseudoscalar plus vector are discussed in the context of broken flavor SU(3). A few assumptions are used to reduce the number of parameters. Amplitudes are fit to the available data, and predictions of branching ratios for unmeasured modes are made.Comment: LaTeX, 24 page

Magnetic moments of the SU(3) decuplet baryons in the chiral quark-soliton model

Magnetic moments of baryons are studied within the chiral quark soliton model with special emphasis on the decuplet of baryons. The model is used to identify all symmetry breaking terms proportional to $m_{\rm s}$. Sum rules for the magnetic moments are derived. A ``model-independent'' analysis of the symmetry breaking terms is performed and finally model calculations are presented, which show the importance of the rotational $1/N_{\rm c}$ corrections for cranking of the soliton.Comment: 22 pages, RevTex. The final version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

SU(3)_flavor analysis of two-body weak decays of charmed baryons

We study two-body weak decays of charmed baryons \Lambda_c and \Xi_c into an octet or decuplet baryon and a pseudoscalar meson employing the SU(3) flavor symmetry. Using certain measured Cabibbo-favored modes, we fix the reduced amplitudes and predict the branching ratios of various decays of charmed baryons in the Cabibbo-enhanced, -suppressed and -doubly suppressed modes.Comment: 25 pages, No figure, Phys. Rev. D (to appear

Resonant Two-body D Decays

The contribution of a $K^*(1430)$ $0^+$ resonance to $D^0\to K^-\pi^+$ is calculated by applying the soft pion theorem to $D^+ \to K^* \pi^+$, and is found to be about 30% of the measured amplitude and to be larger than the $\Delta I=3/2$ component of this amplitude. We estimate a 70% contribution to the total amplitude from a higher $K^*(1950)$ resonance. This implies large deviations from factorization in D decay amplitudes, a lifetime difference between D^0 and D^+, and an enhancement of $D^0-\bar D^0$ mixing due to SU(3) breaking.Comment: To be published in Physical Review Letters, some corrections, references update