Analysis of Genetic Diversity in Twelve Cultivars of Pea Based on Morphological and Simple Sequence Repeat Markers

Pea(Pisum sativum L.)is the second most important legume crop worldwide after chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and valuable resources for their genetic improvement. This study aimed to analyze genetic diversity of pea cultivars through morphological and molecular markers. The present investigation was carried out with 12 pea cultivars using 28 simple sequence repeat markers. A total of 60 polymorphic bands with an average of 2.31 bands per primer were obtained. The polymorphic information content, diversity index and resolving power were ranged from 0.50 to 0.33, 0.61 to 0.86 and 0.44 to 1.0 with an average of 0.46, 0.73 and 0.76, respectively. The 12 pea cultivars were grouped into 3 clusters obtained from cluster analysis with a Jaccardd's similarity coefficient range of 0.47-0.78, indicating the sufficient genetic divergence among these cultivars of pea. The principal component analysis showed that first three principal components explained 86.97% of the total variation, suggesting the contribution of quantitative traits in genetic variability. The contribution of 32.59% for number of seeds per plant, stem circumference, number of pods per plant and number of seeds per pod in the PC1 leads to the conclusion that these traits contribute more to the total variation observed in the 12 pea cultivars and would make a good parental stock material. Overall, this SSR analysis complements morphological characters of initial selection of these pea germplasms for future breeding program

Accessible digital ophthalmoscopy based on liquid-lens technology

Ophthalmoscopes have yet to capitalise on novel low-cost miniature optomechatronics, which could disrupt ophthalmic monitoring in rural areas. This paper demonstrates a new design integrating modern components for ophthalmoscopy. Simulations show that the optical elements can be reduced to just two lenses: an aspheric ophthalmoscopic lens and a commodity liquid-lens, leading to a compact prototype. Circularly polarised transpupilary illumination, with limited use so far for ophthalmoscopy, suppresses reflections, while autofocusing preserves image sharpness. Experiments with a human-eye model and cadaver porcine eyes demonstrate our prototype’s clinical value and its potential for accessible imaging when cost is a limiting factor

Higher order antibunching is not a rare phenomenon

Since the introduction of higher order nonclassical effects, higher order squeezing has been reported in a number of different physical systems but higher order antibunching is predicted only in three particular cases. In the present work, we have shown that the higher order antibunching is not a rare phenomenon rather it can be seen in many simple optical processes. To establish our claim, we have shown it in six wave mixing process, four wave mixing process and in second harmonic generation process.Comment: 6 pages, no figure, Latex 2

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF BILAYER TABLETS OF BACLOFEN USING SYNTHETIC POLYMERS

Aim of study was to develop bilayer drug delivery for treatment of spasticity by delivering loading and maintenance dose for fast achievement of peak plasma concentration and maintaining the same respectively. The prepared drug loaded bilayer tablets were evaluated for pre and post compression parameters. Stability study of the promising formulation was also performed. The tablets were prepared by direct compression and wet granulation method. The loading dose was delivered in the form of immediate release layer prepared by different super-disintegrations and maintenance dose was delivered through sustained release layer prepared by using polymers like HPMC K4, HPMC K15M, HPMC K100, PEO WSR 303 and Precirol. Both the immediate release layer and sustained release layers were separately optimized and then combined to optimize the bilayertablets. No interactions were found between drug and excipients. Formulation containing Kyron T314 shows immediate drug release. Formulation Containing PEO WSR 303 shows sustained release action and bilayer formulations F6 shows releases up to 24 hours. Bilayer tablets with release characteristics offer critical advantages such as, site specificity with improved absorption and efficacy.Key words: Baclofen, Bilayer tablet, sustain release table

CROP SUITABILITY ANALYSIS FOR CEREAL CROPS OF UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA

The crop suitability is the process of assessing the appropriateness or ability of a given type of land on the basis of growing conditions of a particular crop. The study focused on the crop suitability analysis of cereal crops for their production in Uttar Pradesh. Information about crop suitability is essential for proper management of agriculture in the study area. Remote sensing and GIS data provide a reliable information and technique to find suitable land for crops. The research was based on GIS based Multi-Criteria Decision Approach. The AMSR-2 (Advance Microwave Scanning Radiometer) soil moisture data, Carto-DEM, soil chemical and physical properties and climate data were used to identify the crop suitability in the study area. Weightage of different factors was arrived at based on input and feedback from experts. An Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) was used in ArcGIS environment to generate suitability map for the cereals crop. The suitability map has been categorised in the form of highly suitable, moderately suitable, low suitable and non-agricultural/ non-suitable region of the study area for Wheat, Rice, Sorghum, Maize and Pearl Millet/Bajra.The overall study indicates that the study area has a huge potential of cereal crop production. Therefore, improved levels of agricultural production can be achieved by cultivating crop in highly and moderately suitable areas; and practicing diversification of marginally suitable areas to crops other than that for which it is low suitable.</p

One plus two-body random matrix ensembles with parity: Density of states and parity ratios

One plus two-body embedded Gaussian orthogonal ensemble of random matrices with parity [EGOE(1+2)-$\pi$] generated by a random two-body interaction (modeled by GOE in two particle spaces) in the presence of a mean-field, for spinless identical fermion systems, is defined, generalizing the two-body ensemble with parity analyzed by Papenbrock and Weidenm\"{u}ller [Phys. Rev. C {\bf 78}, 054305 (2008)], in terms of two mixing parameters and a gap between the positive $(\pi=+)$ and negative $(\pi=-)$ parity single particle (sp) states. Numerical calculations are used to demonstrate, using realistic values of the mixing parameters appropriate for some nuclei, that the EGOE(1+2)-$\pi$ ensemble generates Gaussian form (with corrections) for fixed parity eigenvalue densities (i.e. state densities). The random matrix model also generates many features in parity ratios of state densities that are similar to those predicted by a method based on the Fermi-gas model for nuclei. We have also obtained, by applying the formulation due to Chang et al [Ann. Phys. (N.Y.) {\bf 66}, 137 (1971)], a simple formula for the spectral variances defined over fixed-$(m_1,m_2)$ spaces, where $m_1$ is the number of fermions in the +ve parity sp states and $m_2$ is the number of fermions in the -ve parity sp states. Similarly, using the binary correlation approximation, in the dilute limit, we have derived expressions for the lowest two shape parameters. The smoothed densities generated by the sum of fixed-$(m_1,m_2)$ Gaussians with lowest two shape corrections describe the numerical results in many situations. The model also generates preponderance of +ve parity ground states for small values of the mixing parameters and this is a feature seen in nuclear shell model results.Comment: 38 pages, 11 figures, 3 tables, enlarged and reorganized with additional result

Random matrix ensembles with random interactions: Results for EGUE(2)-SU(4)

We introduce in this paper embedded Gaussian unitary ensemble of random matrices, for $m$ fermions in $\Omega$ number of single particle orbits, generated by random two-body interactions that are SU(4) scalar, called EGUE(2)-SU(4). Here the SU(4) algebra corresponds to Wigner's supermultiplet SU(4) symmetry in nuclei. Formulation based on Wigner-Racah algebra of the embedding algebra $U(4\Omega) \supset U(\Omega) \otimes SU(4)$ allows for analytical treatment of this ensemble and using this analytical formulas are derived for the covariances in energy centroids and spectral variances. It is found that these covariances increase in magnitude as we go from EGUE(2) to EGUE(2)-\cs to EGUE(2)-SU(4) implying that symmetries may be responsible for chaos in finite interacting quantum systems.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures, some formulas in Table 1 corrected, Table 1 changed to Table 1 and 2, Fig. 2 modifie

Large scale Antarctic features captured by multi-frequency scanning microwave radiometer on-board OCEANSAT–1

This paper discusses the features observed over the Antarctic in the passive microwave emission region by the multi-frequency scanning microwave radiometer (MSMR) instrument on-board the Indian remote sensing satellite IRS-P4, now called OCEANSAT–1. Brightness temperature images produced from MSMR show a clear distinction between open water and sea-ice-covered regions. It is also possible to differentiate several levels of ice concentration in the Antarctic Circumpolar Ocean. A number of land features like the Trans-Antarctic Mountain Ranges, part of Gamburtsev sub-glacial mountains, Wilkes and Aurora sub-glacial basins, etc. can be demarcated as well. The consistent quality and regular availability of MSMR data since June 1999 serve as a very useful tool in all-weather day-andnight monitoring of the Antarctic region. MSMR data used in continuation of ESMR, SMMR and SSM/I data, would prove valuable in the study of long-term changes in the polar cryosphere associated with global climate change