KETAHANAN PANGAN DAN PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA SERTA DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP KEGIATAN EKONOMI : STUDI KASUS NEGARA ASEAN

Examine  the effect of food security which consists of the dimensions of affordability, availability, quality & safety and natural resources on the human development index (HDI) and its impact on the level of economic activity for countries in the Southeast Asia region. The research design uses hypothesis testing of the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable using the Structural Equation Model (SEM). This study uses sample of 9 countries in Southeast Asia region (Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam) with a study period of 9 years (20120-2020). The research findings show that the dimensions of affordability and quality & safety have a significant positive effect on HDI, while the dimensions of availability and natural resources have no positive effect on HDI. Other findings also prove that HDI has a positive effect on the level of economic activity (GDP).

A Systematic Degradation Kinetics Study of Gemcitabine Hydrochloride Injection Solution

This study was carried out to systematically evaluate the degradation kinetics of gemcitabine hydrochloride injection solution over the pH region 1–12 at 70°C. The degradation kinetics of gemcitabine were determined based on several parameters such as pH, buffer composition, temperature, ionic strength, and drug concentration. A pH-rate profile was constructed using pseudo first-order kinetic rates at 70°C after buffer effect corrections; the observed pH-rate profile was characteristically U-shaped. The degradation reactions of gemcitabine were found to be largely dependent on pH and were catalyzed by protons or hydroxyl groups at extreme pH values. Gemcitabine shows maximum stability in the pH region 7–9.5.; however, due to its solubility limitations at pH ≥ 6, the gemcitabine injection solution stability at this pH range was not determined. The gemcitabine injection solution at pH 2.5 showed a maximum stability of more than two years under the refrigerated conditions; this was derived from an Arrhenius plot. The degradation of gemcitabine in 1 N HCl at 70°C for 4 weeks did not show any anomerization. In contrast, α (0.01%) and -uridine (~ 40%) as analogues of gemcitabine were formed upon 4 weeks incubation under thermal conditions at 70°C. In this case, the water molecules acted as both acid and base to form α- and -uridines. A high level of anomerization to generate the α-anomer of gemcitabine and α-uridine was found in 0.1 N NaOH at 70°C for four weeks, while the -uridine (~ 20%) was observed at lower levels in this condition. Under basic conditions, a significant degradation product was formed; using NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, it was determined to be 1-(2-deoxy-2,2-difluoro-α-D-erythro-ribopyranosyl)pyrimidin-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Ikrar Berbasis Video Untuk Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Siswa Kelas VIII

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh media pembelajaran IKRAR berbasis video yang valid, praktis, dan efektif. Penelitian ini melibatkan siswa kelas VIII MTs Negeri Patas sebagai subjek penelitian. Perangkat yang dikembangkan berupa media pembelajaran dan buku petunjuk guru. Media Pembelajaran yang dimaksud adalah media pembelajaran matematika yang disajikan menggunakan video. Penyajian materi disesuaikan dengan karakteristik model pembelajaran IKRAR. Buku petunjuk guru berisi tentang cara menggunakan media di dalam pembelajaran. Validitas, kepraktisan, dan keefektifan dari perangkat pembelajaran didasarkan atas pendapat validator, respon guru dan siswa, serta hasil penelitian pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran tersebut. Pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran tersebut mengikuti prosedur penelitian desain dari Plomp yang meliputi fase penelitian awal, fase prototipe, dan fase assesment. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perangkat pembelajaran yang dikembangkan telah memenuhi validitas, kepraktisan, dan keefektifan yang diharapkanKata Kunci : media pembelajaran matematika, video, IKRAR, prestasi belajar matematika This study aimed to obtain video based IKRAR learning media which are valid, practical, and effective. The subjects of this research were the eigth grade students of MTsN Patas. In this study, the developed teaching learning devices consisted of learning media and teacher\u27s guide book. The learning media is a series of video which presenting the mathematical lesson. The learning media was constructed according to IKRAR learning model. Teacher\u27s guide book content is the instruction of how to use the learning media in lesson. Validity, practicality, and effectiveness of the teaching learning devices were validated based on the expert judgement validation, teachers and students response, as well as the results of the research on the developed teaching learning devices. The development of the teaching learning devices followed a research design\u27s procedures from Plomp includes the following phasespreliminary research, prototyping, and assessment. The results showed that the learning media had been fulfiling the validity, practicality, and effectivenes

Electrocardiogram changes due to sodium stibogluconate treatment of kala-azar

Background: Kala-azar [visceral leishmaniasis (VL)] is caused by the protozoon Leishmania donovani complex. Without adequate treatment, most patients with clinical VL die due to secondary infections. Pentavalent antimonial compounds are commercially available as sodium stibogluconate and meglumine antimoniate. Sodium stibogluconate remains the mainstay of treatment in most parts of the world. The aim of the study was to evaluate the serious adverse effects of sodium stibogluconate in the treatment of kala-azar (VL).   Methods: The study was carried out in the medicine department of North Bengal Medical College Hospital, Sirajganj during the period of June 2021 to December 2021. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study with a sample size of 30. Complete history taking and physical examination were done and recorded in a case record form. At least 7 electrocardiograms (ECGs) were done (1 before treatment, 5 during treatment weekly intervals, and 1 after completion of treatment). Results: In ECG, the following changes were noted (the rhythm, T wave amplitude, ST segment, and QTc interval). Out of 30 patients, 19 patients (63.33%) developed abnormalities in ECG. Among them, 14 patients (46.67%) developed prolongation of QTc interval, 6 patients developed T wave inversion, and 1 patient developed transient 1st-degree heart block. No patients developed symptomatic arrhythmia. Conclusions: Kala-azar is prevalent among the poor in Bangladesh and can be fatal without treatment. Sodium stibogluconate has been associated with cardiological adverse effects, but it can be used safely with proper monitoring

Identification of Myostatin Gene C.960delg Locus Polymorphism in Indonesian Local Sheep by Using Pcr-sscp Method

Myostatin (MSTN) is a protein inhibit muscle growth. This protein is a member of a superfamily ofmolecules called transforming growth factors beta (TGF-b). Deletion in c.960delG (1-bp deletion atposition 960) disrupts the reading frame from amino acid (aa) position 320 to ending in a premature stopcodon in aa position 359 have been found in Norwegian White Sheep. This deletion in the myostatingene is responsible to increase muscle mass, also known as 'double muscling', in sheep. The purpose ofthis study was to identify the polymorphism of myostatin gene in c.960delG locus of local sheep inIndonesia. The 832 DNA sampels from sheep were collected from 13 populations belonging to thePriangan (86), Javanese Thin Tail (389 i.e. Jonggol, Banjar, Ciomas), Javanese Fat Tail (94), West NusaTenggara (136), Rote Island/East Nusa Tenggara (35), Kisar Island/Southwest Maluku (22),Donggala/South East Celebes (45) and Batur cross breed/Wonosobo, Central Java (25). A gene fragmentof MSTN c.960delG length 299 bp was successfully amplified by using the technique of PCR(polymerase chain reaction) and genotyped by SSCP (single strand conformation polymorphism). Theresult showed no polymorphism in this gene. All sheep tested had G/G genotype for c.960delG locus