Kajian Spasial Suhu Permukaan Laut Akibat Air Bahang Pltu Paiton Menggunakan Saluran Termal Satelit Landsat 7/etm+ Di Pantai Bhinor Kabupaten Probolinggo Jawa Timur

Penelitian bertujuan untuk memetakan secara horisontal suhu permukaan laut di perairan PLTU Paiton Probolinggo dan mengkaji sebaran spasial termal perairan akibat air bahang PLTU Paiton Probolinggo. Pengolahan data citra dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak ER Mapper 7.0 dan ArcGIS 9.3. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah citra Satelit Landsat 7ETM+ tahun 2009 hingga tahun 2012, data arus permukaan dan angin yang diperoleh dari BMKG Maritim Perak Surabaya dan data hasil pengukuran lapangan bulan Februari 2012. Kenaikan suhu permukaan perairan kompleks PLTU Paiton Probolinggo akibat air bahang berkisar dari yang terendah 28 °C hingga suhu tertinggi 36 °C yang berada pada mulut saluran buangan PLTU. Luasan area perairan yang mengalami kenaikan suhu permukaan akibat air bahang bervariasi mulai dari 2,07 hingga mencapai 35,65 . Arah pergerakan air bahang dipengaruhi oleh arus yang dibangkitkan oleh sistem angin monsun

Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Berbasis E-learning Moodle dengan Model Pengajaran Langsung di SMKN 2 Tarakan

This research aims to develop the learning package based on e-learning moodle by using instruction at SMKN 2 Tarakan. This research adapts 4D instructional developmental model by Thiagarajan. They are define, design, develop and disseminate. The developed learning package is validated by the expert and is tried out to the students' of computer and network engineering at SMKN 2 Tarakan as the research subject. The design of the try out uses one group pretest and posttest design. The data is collected through expert judment, observation, test and questionnaire. The data is analyzed by using descriptive analysis. The research analysis of the learning package development can be described as follows: 1) the average score of the validity of developed learning packaget is 3.83. and gets the criteria of very valid; 2) the average score of the practicality ofr the developed learning package is 4.27 and gets the criteria of good and practical; 3) the average score for the effectiveness of the developed learning package which involves the students' activities in the learning process is 3.23, the reliability is 0.93, and get the criteria of very active; students' response for the learning process is 88% and get the criteria of very positive, the result of the students' study result meets get criteria of mastery. The conclusion of this research is the learning package which is valid, practical, and effective. The validity consists of content validity and constructs validity. The practically consists of the easiness in use. The effectiveness gets the positive response, improve the students' activities and mastery in student's achievement. Keywords: Learning Set, E-Learning Moodle, Direct Instruction

Recent antibacterial agents from biomass derivatives: Characteristics and applications

Enhancing awareness of personal cleanliness and antibacterial resistance has intensified the antibacterial substance request on consumable products. Antibacterial agents that have been commercialized nowadays are produced from inorganic and non-renewable substances. This provides several drawbacks, particularly against health and environmental issues. Therefore, many scientists work on substituting fossil-fuel-based antibacterial agents with natural ones such as from biomass. Biomass derivatives, natural abundances of biopolymers in the world, amount to major compounds including polysaccharides (cellulose, hemicellulose, and chitosan) and polyphenol (tannin and lignin) substances which are capable to combat the growth of Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria. To date, no report focuses on a deep understanding of antibacterial properties derived from biomass and the internal and external factors effects. This work provides that gap because comprehensive knowledge is necessary before applying biomass to the products. The potency of biomass derivatives as antibacterial additives is also summarized. Basic knowledge of antibacterial characteristics to the application in products is highlighted in this review. Besides, the discussion about challenges and future perspectives is also delivered