Ice slurry ingestion lowers thermoregulatory strain in wheelchair tennis players during repeated sprint intervals in the heat

Purpose: To examine the efficacy of per-cooling via ice slurry ingestion (ICE) in wheelchair tennis players exercising in the heat. Methods: Eight wheelchair tennis players undertook sprints (4 sets of 10 × 5 s over 40 min) in a hot environment (~32oC), interspersed by three boluses of 2.67 g∙kg (6.8 g∙kg total) ICE or drinking temperate water (CON). Athletes performed an on-court test of repeated sprint ability (20 × 20 m) in temperate conditions immediately before and 20 min after the heat exposure whereby time to complete each sprint, as well as intermediate times, was recorded. Gastrointestinal, weighted mean skin and forehead temperature were collected throughout the heat exposure, as were thermal sensation, heart rate and blood lactate concentration. Sweat rate was calculated from body mass changes and fluid/ice intakes. Results: Compared to CON, ICE resulted in a significantly lower gastrointestinal temperature (95% confidence intervals: 0.11, 0.17oC; p oC; p -1; p = 0.017). Skin temperature, heart rate and blood lactate concentration were not significantly different between conditions (p ≥ 0.598). There was no overall change pre- to post-heating (p ≥ 0.114) nor effect of condition (p ≥ 0.251) on repeated sprint times. Conclusions: ICE is effective at lowering objective and subjective thermal strain when consumed between sets of repeated wheelchair sprints in the heat. However, ICE had no effect on on-court repeated 20 m sprint performance.</p

Australian nursing and midwifery student beliefs and attitudes about domestic violence: A multi-site, cross-sectional study

Nurses and midwives have a professional responsibility to identify and provide effective care to those experiencing domestic violence. Pre-registration preparation may develop this capability. In order to inform curriculum development, this study explored Australian nursing and midwifery students’ attitudes and beliefs about domestic violence. Data were collected between June and October 2017. Descriptive statistics were calculated and comparative analysis performed on independent variables. Thematic analysis was performed on open-ended qualitative responses. Participants included 1076 students from nine Australian universities. The majority were enrolled in nursing programs (88.4%), followed by midwifery (8.6%), and combined nursing/midwifery (2.4%) programs. There was no statistically significant difference in scores by year level across all subscales, suggesting there was no developmental change in beliefs and attitudes toward domestic violence over the course of study. Nursing students held views that were more violence-tolerant than midwifery students. Australian and Chinese-born males were more likely to refute that domestic violence is more common against women. Students had a limited understanding of domestic violence suggesting a critical need to address undergraduate nursing and midwifery curricula. © 2019 Elsevier Lt

A cross-sectional study of domestic violence instruction in nursing and midwifery programs: Out of step with community and student expectations

Background: Domestic violence is a global health concern. Nurses and midwives must respond to those who experience domestic violence, although many are not prepared to do this. The World Health Organization recommend that domestic violence content be included in all pre-registration training as a matter of urgency