A sprayed graphene transistor platform for rapid and low-cost chemical sensing

We demonstrate a novel and versatile sensing platform, based on electrolyte-gated graphene field-effect transistors, for easy, low-cost and scalable production of chemical sensor test strips. The Lab-on-PCB platform is enabled by low-boiling, low-surface-tension sprayable graphene ink deposited on a substrate manufactured using a commercial printed circuit board process. We demonstrate the versatility of the platform by sensing pH and Na+ concentrations in an aqueous solution, achieving a sensitivity of 143 ± 4 μA per pH and 131 ± 5 μA per log10Na+, respectively, in line with state-of-the-art graphene chemical sensing performance

Realiability Analysis for Structural Design

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Fuzzy probabilistic optimisation of building performance

Fundamental performance criteria between action effects and relevant performance requirements for serviceability, safety, comfort and functionality are analyzed, assuming randomness of the effect action and both randomness and fuzziness of performance requirements. Randomness due to natural variability of basic variables is handled by commonly used probability theory methods, fuzziness due to vague or imprecise definitions of performance requirements is described by basic tools of the recently developed theory of fuzzy sets. Both types of uncertainties are combined in newly defined fuzzy probabilistic measures of building performance, damage function and fuzzy probability of performance failure, which are then analysed and applied similarly as conventional probabilistic quantities. An illustrative example of optimization of vibration constraints for building structures due to occupancy comfort indicates that commonly considered limiting values for acceleration may be uneconomical. However, theoretical models used to describe fuzzy probabilistic properties of performance requirements need to be reexamined using adequate experimental data.

RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT OF INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE BUILDINGS

, probabilistic procedure is proposed to improve the reliability assessment of industrial heritage buildings. The procedure is applied in the reliability assessment of a steel member

Global resistance factors for reinforced concrete structures

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Global resistance factors for reinforced concrete structures

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Review of the ISO 2394 reliability basis of structural design

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Probabilistic basis of present codes of practice

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