Life cycle assessment of nanocellulose-reinforced advanced fibre composites

The research and development of nanocellulose-reinforced polymer composites have dramatically increased in the recent years due to the possibility of exploiting the high tensile stiffness and strength of nanocellulose. In the work, the environmental impacts of bacterial cellulose (BC)- and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)-reinforced epoxy composites were evaluated using life cycle assessment (LCA). Neat polylactide (PLA) and 30% randomly oriented glass fibre-reinforced polypropylene (GF/PP) composites were used as benchmark materials for comparison. Our cradle-to-gate LCA showed that BC- and NFC-reinforced epoxy composites have higher global warming potential (GWP) and abiotic depletion potential of fossil fuels (ADf) compared to neat PLA and GF/PP even though the specific tensile moduli of the nanocellulose-reinforced epoxy composites were higher than neat PLA and GF/PP. However, when the use phase and the end-of-life of nanocellulose-reinforced epoxy composites were considered, the “green credentials” of nanocellulose-reinforced epoxy composites were comparable to that of neat PLA and GF/PP composites. Our life cycle scenario analysis showed that the cradle-to-grave GWP and ADf of BC- and NFC-reinforced epoxy composites could be lower than neat PLA when the composites contains more than 60 vol.-% nanocellulose. Our LCA model suggests that nanocellulose-reinforced epoxy composites with high nanocellulose loading is desired to produce materials with “greener credentials” than the best performing commercially available bio-derived polymer

Caractères cliniques et épidémiologiques de la dengue 2 au Sénégal

Les auteurs rappellent les faits historiques, cliniques et épidémiologiques concernant l'infection par les virus de la dengue en Afrique. Ils énumèrent les lieux, les hôtes et les circonstances de l'isolement de différentes souches africaines et rappellent le cycle sauvage du virus dengue 2 au Sénégal. L'isolement de deux souches humaines, pendant l'épizootie de 1990, est en faveur d'un cycle selvatique. Il s'agit en effet des premiers cas humains concomitants d'une épizootie au Sénégal. Les observations cliniques de ces deux cas sont celles d'une arbovirose mineure, sans syndrome de choc ni manifestations hémorragiques, soulignant la pathogénicité atténuée du virus dengue 2 au Sénégal comme dans les autres pays d'Afrique. De récents travaux d'épidémiologie moléculaire ont mis en évidence des caractères génotypiques particuliers de certaines souches africaines par rapport à celles rencontrées dans les régions Pacifique ou Caraïbes. (Résumé d'auteur

Lipémie (lipides totaux et indice d'iode) chez l’agneau : limites des variations physiologiques comparaison entre agneaux et adultes

Charton André, Faye P., Hervy A., Bernard C., Gueslin M. Lipémie (Lipides totaux et indice d’iode), chez l’Agneau : Limites des variations physiologiques. Comparaison entre agneaux et adultes. In: Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France tome 121 n°8, 1968. pp. 337-342

Lipémie (lipides totaux et indice d’iode) chez la brebis : limites des variations physiologiques

Charton André, Faye P., Hervy A., Bernard C., Gueslin M. Lipémie (Lipides totaux et indice d’iode), chez la brebis : limites des variations physiologiques. In: Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France tome 121 n°8, 1968. pp. 333-336

Cétonémie physiologique de la brebis gestante

Charton André, Faye P., Hervy A., Bernard C., Gueslin M. Cétonémie physiologique de la Brebis gestante. In: Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France tome 118 n°10, 1965. pp. 489-496

Evaluation du rôle des vecteurs potentiels dans la circulation du virus Amaril, en 1987 au Sénégal et dans le sud de la République Islamique de Mauritanie

Ce rapport consigne le déroulement de trois enquêtes réalisées sur suspicion de cas humains de fièvre jaune. La première s'est déroulée dans la région de Kaolack, la seconde dans la région de St Louis et la troisième dans celle de Rosso (R.I.M

Taux moyen du cholestérol sanguin et rapport cholestérol estérifié-cholestérol total chez la brebis adulte

Les taux sériques moyens du cholestérol total (0,61 g/l. 000 ml) du cholestérol estérifîé (0,26 g/l. 000 ml ± 0,1), le rapport choles térol estéri fié/cholestérol total (0,42 ± 0,16) chez la brebis sont faibles par rapport aux taux moyens mesurés chez la plupart des autres espèces. Les variations, nycthém érales, normales, sont importantes. Aucune différence n'apparaît entre les taux moyens calculés, d’après les mêmes femelles, selon qu’elles sont en gestation ou en lactation. Avec la méthode d’analyse utilisée, un taux de cholestérol total dépassant 0,80 g/l. 000 définit une hypercholestérolémie, un taux inférieur à 0,40 une hypocholestérolémie. Le rapport cholestérol estéri fié/cholestérol total est extrêmement variable : des chiffres extrêmes inférieurs à 0,1 ou supérieurs à 0,95 sont compatibles avec un état de santé normal

Réserve alcaline du sang des Ovins

Charton André, Faye P., Hervy A., Bernard C., Gueslin M. Réserve alcaline du sang des Ovins. In: Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France tome 116 n°10, 1963. pp. 445-446

Life cycle assessment of bacterial cellulose production

Purpose Bacterial cellulose (BC), obtained by fermentation, is an innovative and promising material with a broad spectrum of potential applications. Despite the increasing efforts towards its industrialization, a deeper understanding of the environmental impact related to the BC production process is still required. This work aimed at quantifying the environmental, health, and resource depletion impacts related to a production of BC. Methods An attributional life cycle assessment (LCA) was applied to a process design of production of BC, by static culture, following a cradle-to-gate approach. The LCA was modeled with GaBi Pro Software using the ReCiPe 2016 (H) methodology with environmental impact indicators at midpoint level. The functional unit was defined as 1 kg of BC (dry mass), in 138.8 kg of water. Results From the total used resources (38.9 ton/kg of BC), water is the main one (36.1 ton/kg of BC), most of which (98%) is returned to fresh waters after treatment. The production of raw materials consumed 17.8 ton of water/kg of BC, 13.8 ton/kg of BC of which was for the production of carton packaging, culture medium raw materials, and sodium hydroxide (for the washing of BC). The remaining consumed water was mainly for the fermentation (3.9 ton/kg) and downstream process (7.7 ton/kg). From the identified potential environmental impacts, the production of raw materials had the highest impact, mainly on Climate change, Fossil depletion, Human toxicity, non-cancer, and Terrestrial toxicity. The sodium dihydrogen phosphate production, used in the culture medium, showed the highest environmental impacts in Human toxicity, non-cancer and Terrestrial ecotoxicity, followed by corn syrup and carton production. The static culture fermentation and downstream process showed impact in Climate change and Fossil depletion. Conclusions Per se, the BC production process had a small contribution to the consumption of resources and environmental impact of the BC global life cycle.This study was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) within the scope of the strate gic funding of UIDB/04469/2020 and UIDB/00511/2020 units and MultiBiorefinery project (SAICTPAC/0040/2015-POCI-01-0145- FEDER-016403). This study was also supported by The Navigator Company through the I&D no. 21874, “Inpactus-–Produtos e Tecno logias Inovadores a partir do Eucalipto”, funded through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI) is greatly acknowl edged. The work by Belmira Neto was fnancially supported by Base Funding—UIDB/00511/2020 of the Laboratory for Process Engineer ing, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy—LEPABE—funded by national funds through the FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A pre-intervention study of malaria vector abundance in Rio Muni, Equatorial Guinea: Their role in malaria transmission and the incidence of insecticide resistance alleles

BACKGROUND: Following the success of the malaria control intervention on the island of Bioko, malaria control by the use of indoor residual spraying (IRS) and long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLITN) was extended to Rio Muni, on the mainland part of Equatorial Guinea. This manuscript reports on the malaria vectors present and the incidence of insecticide resistant alleles prior to the onset of the programme. METHODS: Anopheles mosquitoes were captured daily using window traps at 30 sentinel sites in Rio Muni, from December 2006 to July 2007. The mosquitoes were identified to species and their sporozoite rates, knockdown resistance (kdr) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) sensitivity measured, to define the role of vector species in malaria transmission and their potential susceptibility to insecticides. RESULTS: A total of 6,162 Anopheles mosquitoes were collected of which 4,808 were morphologically identified as Anopheles gambiae s.l., 120 Anopheles funestus, 1,069 Anopheles moucheti, and 165 Anopheles nili s.l.. Both M and S molecular forms of Anopheles gambiae s.s. and Anopheles melas were identified. Anopheles ovengensis and Anopheles carnevalei were the only two members of the An. nili group to be identified. Using the species-specific sporozoite rates and the average number of mosquitoes per night, the number of infective mosquitoes per trap per 100 nights for each species complex was calculated as a measure of transmission risk. Both kdr-w and kdr-e alleles were present in the S-form of An. gambiae s.s. (59% and 19% respectively) and at much lower frequencies in the M-form (9.7% and 1.8% respectively). The kdr-w and kdr-e alleles co-occurred in 103 S-form and 1 M-form specimens. No insensitive AChE was detected. CONCLUSION: Anopheles gambiae s.s, a member of the Anopheles gambiae complex was shown to be the major vector in Rio Muni with the other three groups playing a relatively minor role in transmission. The demonstration of a high frequency of kdr alleles in mosquito populations before the onset of a malaria control programme shows that continuous entomological surveillance including resistance monitoring will be of critical importance to ensure the chosen insecticide remains effective