Big bester production probability study

Aquaculture of sturgeon species and their hybrids is being considered as an important substitution for sturgeon catch due to highly decrease of natural populations, artificial propagation and fingerling release in the sea. In this study, big bester, a new hybrid sturgeon (female beluga × male bester) was produced for the first time in IRAN. Sperm of 7350 ± 1682 kg male bester was used to fertilize the eggs of one 54 kg female Huso huso. The fries of big bester and control treatment of beluga were fed by artificial concentrated food (48-50% protein and 15-17% fat) after egg yolk absorbance, a period of feeding on Artemia and Daphnia. Results showed that rearing and feeding of bester broods was efficient to reach the fish to maturation stage and there is an opportunity to collect qualified ova and sperm from F1 generation. Meanwhile sex determination and maturity assessment of gonads were successfully done via laparoscopy method. The comparison of produced big bester fingerlings with control beluga fingerling showed that the weight of big bester fingerlings has not significant difference with beluga's (p0.05), but there are faster growth rate in big bester fingerlings from 3 months of age up to 5 months (p>0.05) in comparison with belugas fingerlings. Meanwhile no statistically significant difference was found between length of big bester and beluga fingerlings among any age. The results of current study showed the potential of rearing male bester to produce matured broods and collection of their sperm for big bester production

An investigation of annual discards of the trawlers and gillnet in Khuzestan coastal water, northwest Persian Gulf

The main objective of this study was to describe and estimate the seasonal pattern of discarded fish in the waters of the Persian Gulf coast in Khuzestan. Data were collected from the fishing dhow with Khuzestan Fisheries partnership in fishing areas of Lifeh, Boseif, Khure-mussa and Bahrakan from October 2011 to September 2012. Discarded fish samples were included 109 species from 67 families, nearly 40 percent commercial and 60 percent of non-commercial species. Rayfish and catfish have been observed in most fishing nets. Average sizes of most species particularly bony fish were under 15 cm. The amount of discarded fish per unit of fishing effort was not significantly different between seasons. The highest portion of the catch belongs to rayfishes. Total discarded fishes of gillnets were estimated 3162 tones. Total weight of commercial fishes with small size in discarded fish was estimated 225 tones. The rate and ratio of discarded fish in total catch of gillnet was estimated 0.23 and 0.31 respectively. Chondrichthyes with 12 species and 60% of gillnet catch has the highest percentage of discarded fish of gillnet. High number of commercial species with small size could be due to nursery role of Khuzestan coastal waters. Trawl net has more impact on type and amount of discarded fish than moving gill net. According to different aquatic groups, the highest percentage of protein (77.84±2.088) in Perciformes belongs to Eupleurogrammus muticus and the lowest percentage (40.40±0.322) belongs to Liza klunzingeri, the most percentage of lipid was in Liza klunzingeri (33.78±0.277) and the lowest percentage was in Grammoplites suppositus (3.34±0.025), the highest and lowest percentage of ash (minerals) were in Cynoglossus arel and Acanthocephola abbreviate (28.14±.377) and oligo duvauceli (0.7±0.02) respectively. Therefore discarded fish have great potential in fulfilling nutritional requirements as fresh food (minimally processed) and with nutritional additives in forms of fish powder and fish oil and it can play an effective role in aquaculture development in the region

Student’s Attitude about Cheating and its Confronting Strategies

Aims: Cheating as one of the important threatening factors of learning is widespread among students. The aim of this study was to determine the students’ views about of cheating and its coping strategies. Instrument & Methods: In this descriptive analytical study, 169 undergraduate students of Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences in the second semester of 2013-14 academic year were selected by available sampling method. Data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire and were analyzed by descriptive (mean, standard deviation and absolute and relative frequency distribution) and analytic (Chi-square and One-way ANOVA) statistic tests in SPSS 11.5 software. Findings: 45% of students have experienced cheating. High amounts of texts (51.2%) and difficult texts (46.1%) were the most important cheating factors. Individual conscience (35.3%) and personal beliefs (33.3%) were the most important inhibiting factors of cheating. Looking down on others or expose the paper, send and receive answers to questions through gestures and send answers to questions orally, were the common methods of cheating. Conclusion: Unethical phenomenon of cheating needs more attention from masters, educational administrators and researchers. However, many types of cheatings can be controlled by legislation, training and educational management

Effects of Maternal Empowerment Program on the Length of ‎Hospitalization and Readmission Rate of Premature Infants

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Premature infants because special needs might be admitted at the neonatal intensive care unit for days to recover. Despite medical advances, rate of readmission among preterm infants is relatively high, causing economic and psychological problems for families. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of empowerment Mother Program on length of stay and readmission rate of preterm infants. METHODS: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 70 mothers with premature infants, divided into two groups of intervention and control. Educational-behavioral empowerment program was performed in four stages: 2-4 days after admission (stage one), 2-4 days after completing the first stage (stage two), 1-3 days before discharge (stage three), and one week after discharge (stage four). During each stage, mothers in the intervention group listened to selected audio files, and subjects in the control group received usual care based on hospital policies. In two stages, mothers were regularly enquired about the readmission rate of neonates via phone calls within 10-15 days after discharge. In addition, length of hospitalization was extracted from the medical records of the infants. IRCT:N201410151954. FINDINGS: In this study, mean of hospitalization in the intervention and control groups was 10.85±5.93 and 13.85±7.65 days, respectively (p=0.03). Moreover, no statistically significant difference was observed in the readmission rate of infants one month after discharge. CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, the empowerment program caused a significant reduction in the length of hospital stay. However, it had no significant effects on the rate of readmission in the studied neonate

Sentinel lymph node biopsy in vulval cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy with technetium 99 (99mTc) and/or blue dye-enhanced lymphoscintigraphy in vulval cancer. Methods: Sensitive searches of databases were performed upto October 2013. Studies with at least 75% of women with FIGO stage IB or II vulval cancer evaluating SLN biopsy with 99mTc, blue dye or both with reference standard of inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy (IFL) or clinical follow-up were included. Meta-analyses were performed using Meta-Disc version 1.4. Results: Of the 2950 references, 29 studies (1779 women) were included; most of them evaluated 99mTc combined with blue dye. Of these, 24 studies reported results for SLN followed by IFL, and 5 reported clinical follow-up only for SLN negatives. Pooling of all studies was inappropriate because of heterogeneity. Mean SLN detection rates were 94.0% for 99mTc, 68.7% for blue dye and 97.7% for both. SLN biopsy had pooled sensitivity of 95% (95% CI 92–98%) with negative predictive value (NPV) of 97.9% in studies using 99mTc/blue dye, ultrastaging and immunohistochemistry with IFL as reference. Pooled sensitivity for SLN with clinical follow-up for SLN-negatives was 91% (85–95%) with NPV 95.6%. Patients undergoing SLN biopsy experienced less morbidity than those undergoing IFL. Conclusions: Sentinel lymph node biopsy using 99mTC, blue dye and ultrastaging with immunohistochemistry is highly accurate when restricted to carefully selected patients, within a rigorous protocol, with close follow-up and where sufficient numbers for learning curve optimisation exist. Patients must make an informed choice between the slightly higher groin recurrence rates of SLN biopsy vs the greater morbidity of IFL