15 research outputs found

    On determination of statistical properties of spectra from parametric level dynamics

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    We analyze an approach aiming at determining statistical properties of spectra of time-periodic quantum chaotic system based on the parameter dynamics of their quasienergies. In particular we show that application of the methods of statistical physics, proposed previously in the literature, taking into account appropriate integrals of motion of the parametric dynamics is fully justified, even if the used integrals of motion do not determine the invariant manifold in a unique way. The indetermination of the manifold is removed by applying Dirac's theory of constrained Hamiltonian systems and imposing appropriate primary, first-class constraints and a gauge transformation generated by them in the standard way. The obtained results close the gap in the whole reasoning aiming at understanding statistical properties of spectra in terms of parametric dynamics.Comment: 9 pages without figure

    Ecological and hydrological values of small water reservoirs in the Bia艂owie偶a Forest

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    W ostatnich latach na terenie Puszczy Bia艂owieskiej notuje si臋 sta艂e obni偶anie si臋 zwierciad艂a w贸d gruntowych. Proces ten jest spowodowany m.in. pracami melioracyjnymi wykonanymi w latach 50. i 60. ubieg艂ego wieku. Regulacja ciek贸w oraz budowa row贸w melioracyjnych przy艣pieszy艂y odp艂yw wody. Efektem zaburzenia warunk贸w wodnych na tym obszarze jest przesuszenie mokrad艂owych siedlisk le艣nych, a w rezultacie gr膮dowienie ols贸w i 艂臋g贸w. W celu poprawy warunk贸w wodnych mokrad艂owych obszar贸w le艣nych na terenie Puszczy Bia艂owieskiej (poza obszarem parku narodowego), z inicjatywy PTOP (P贸艂nocnopodlaskie Towarzystwo Ochrony Ptak贸w), wybudowano kilkadziesi膮t ma艂ych zbiornik贸w wodnych r贸偶nych typ贸w. Zbiorniki w zlewniach zalesionych powsta艂y poprzez przegrodzenie naturalnych ciek贸w b膮d藕 row贸w progiem-bystrotokiem, natomiast zbiorniki 艣r贸dpolne wykopano. Oczekuje si臋, 偶e powy偶sze dzia艂ania wp艂yn膮 korzystnie na wyd艂u偶enie okresu stagnacji w贸d roztopowych, co zapobiegnie wysychaniu niekt贸rych ciek贸w w okresie lata. Umo偶liwi膮 one r贸wnie偶 przywr贸cenie i powstanie nowych miejsc rozrodu p艂az贸w oraz utrzymanie bazy pokarmowej dla ptak贸w obszar贸w mokrad艂owych, m.in. bociana czarnego (Ciconia nigra L.). W pracy przedstawiono ocen臋 warunk贸w ekologicznych i hydrologicznych zbiornik贸w w zlewni Narewki. Przeprowadzono podstawowe pomiary jako艣ci wody i stanu ro艣linno艣ci ekotopu oraz lustra wody wybranych zbiornik贸w. W wielu przypadkach stwierdzono wkraczanie ro艣linno艣ci siedlisk mokrad艂owych oraz wypadanie gatunk贸w gr膮dowych i borowych. W okresie wiosennym zaobserwowano wykorzystanie stworzonych miejsc l臋gowych przez p艂azy oraz obecno艣膰 bociana czarnego (Ciconia nigra L.). W wyniku budowy ma艂ych zbiornik贸w wodnych poprawi艂y si臋 warunki do istnienia siedlisk olsowych i 艂臋gowych.Constant decline of groundwater levels has recently been observed in the Bia艂owie偶a Forest . This process is due to drainage which took place in the 1950s and 1960s. Regulation of watercourses and construction of drainage canals and ditches caused the increase of water discharge from the area and drying of wetland forest habitats: riparian forests and alder carr. In order to improve water conditions for wetland forests in the area of the Bia艂owie偶a Forest (outside the Bia艂owie偶a National Park ) several dozen small water reservoirs were built by PTOP (North-Podlasie Association of Bird Protection). Some of them were made by damming watercourses and the midfield ponds were just dug out. These actions were expected to prolong the stagnation period of melting waters in the bed of watercourses, to create breeding places for amphibians and to provide food resources for waterfowl like e.g. black stork (Ciconia nigra L.). The study was focussed on ecological and hydrological conditions of small water reservoirs in the Narewka river catchment. The paper presents the description of plants, which have overgrown water reservoirs and their neighbourhood, the size of reservoirs and basic analyses of water quality. In most cases typical species for wetlands forest were observed, which was the evidence for the improvement of hydrologic conditions for riparian forests and alder carr. Moreover, water reservoirs were inhabited by waterfowl and used as breeding places by amphibians

    Age-related impairments of mobility associated with cobalt and other heavy metals: Data from NHANES 1999-2004

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    Exposure to heavy metals promotes oxidative stress and damage to cellular components, and may accelerate age-related disease and disability. Physical mobility is a validated biomarker of age-related disability and is predictive of hospitalization and mortality. Our study examined associations between selected heavy metals and impaired lower limb mobility in a representative older human population. Data for 1615 adults aged =60 yr from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999 to 2004 were used to identify associations between urinary concentrations of 10 metals with self-reported and measured significant walking impairments. Models were adjusted for confounding factors, including smoking. In models adjusted for age, gender, and ethnicity, elevated levels of cadmium, cobalt, and uranium were associated with impairment of the ability to walk a quarter mile. In fully adjusted models, cobalt was the only metal that remained associated: the odds ratio (OR) for reporting walking problems with a 1-unit increase in logged cobalt concentration (碌g/L) was 1.43 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.84). Cobalt was also the only metal associated with a significant increased measured time to walk a 20-ft course. In analyses of disease categories to explain the mobility finding, cobalt was associated with physician diagnosed arthritis (1-unit increase OR = 1.22 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.49). Low-level cobalt exposure, assessed through urinary concentrations of this essential heavy metal, may be a risk factor for age-related physical impairments. Independent replication is needed to confirm this association. Copyright 漏 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
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