A variational formulation of guided wave scattering problems

A functional of the six electromagnetic components is proposed as a variational basis for 3-D frequency domain problems in integrated optics. Stationarity implies that the Maxwell equations in the interior of the domain of interest and transparent influx conditions for incoming waveguides on its boundary port planes are satisfied

Resonator chains of 2-D square dielectric optical microcavities

Chains of coupled square dielectric cavities are investigated. Resonant transfer of optical power can be achieved along quite arbitrary, moderately long rectangular paths, even with individual standing-wave resonators of limited quality. We introduce an ab-initio coupled mode model that helps to interprete the numerical results

Modeling of tuning of microresonator filters by perturbational evaluation of cavity mode phase shifts

Microresonator filters, realized by evanescent coupling of circular cavities with two parallel bus waveguides, are promising candidates for applications in dense wavelength division multiplexing. Tunability of these filters is an essential feature for their successful deployment. In this paper we present a framework for modeling of tuning of the microresonators by changes of their cavity core refractive index. Using a reciprocity theorem, a perturbational expression for changes in the cavity propagation constants due to slight modifications of the cavity core refractive index is derived. This expression permits to analytically calculate shifts in spectral response of the 2D resonators. Comparisons of the resultant shifts and spectra with direct simulations based on coupled mode theory show satisfactory agreement

Defect Grating Simulations: Perturbations with AFM-like Tips

A defect grating in a silicon on insulator waveguide is simulated. We consider spectral changes in the optical transmission when a thin silicon nitride or silicon tip is scanned across the defect. The tip perturbs the resonance field, moving its peak wavelength andpossibly changing its shape and quality factor. For the nitride tip, the influence is mostly a spectral shift; for silicon, the change of the resonance shape is pronounced. In particular for the nitride tip we observe a close correspondence between the wavelength shift as a function of tip position, and the local intensity in the unperturbed structure

Studies of single-mode injection lasers and of quaternary materials. Volume 2: Measurement of electro-optic effects in InGaAsP junction waveguides

Both the linear electro-optic (Pockel's) effect and electroabsorption (Franz-Keldysh effect) in waveguiding junctions of InGaAsP were measured. The electro-optic coefficient is found to be 0.1-0.14x10 to the -12 power m/V at lambda = 1.54 - 1.65 micrometers. Possibly this is the first reported measurement of the electro-optic coefficient for InGaAsP. The value found for the electroabsorption is on the order of 7x10 to the -4 power cm to the -1 power/(V/cm) or approximately 100 cm/1 for fields of 200,000 V/cm at lambda 1.3 micrometers. All measurements were made on a quaternary film with a bandgap wavelength of 1.23 micrometers. Because of the rapid commercial introduction of quaternary lasers, LEDs, and detectors to take advantage of large optical fiber bandwidths and low losses in the 1.2- to 1.7- micrometer region, these measurements are significant in providing some of the basic physical constants needed to design modulators and switches capable of operating at microwave frequencies in this wavelength region

Optical Backplane Interconnect Technology (OBIT)

We describe and analyze a novel approach to implementing an Optical Backplane Interconnect Technology (OBIT) that is capable of optically connecting any row of a 32x32 backplane array to any row of a second 32x32 array. Each backplane array is formed monolithically on a wafer. The technology is based on the use of Grating Surface Emitting (GSE) waveguides formed on a wafer containing quantum-well and separate confinement waveguide layers. These layers are used for transverse guiding, gain, modulation, detection, and for the formation of wavelength tunable distributed-Bragg reflector lasers. The required surface structures are formed photolithographically. The GSE waveguides act as efficient antennae that radiate light at angles selected by tuning the wavelength of the lasers. The same waveguides may be used as the receiving antennae when the array is used in the receiving mode. Thus, wavelength tuning is used to direct each row of the transmitting array to the desired row of the receiving array. In summary: The optical backplane array will have the following characteristics: Any row of a 32x32 GSE array may be optically connected to any row of a second 32x32 array. Only one switch decision is required to switch 32 parallel connections to any one of 32 positions. Each monolithic array can be used as both transmitter and receiver by switching the bias on the quantum-well switch-detectors. Separate transmitting and receiving structures could be provided for duplex operation. For a bit error rate of 10 sup 9 at 100-MHz data rate, a required laser power of 12 mW is calculated based on an estimated total optical loss of 40 dB

Field representation for optical defect resonances in multilayer microcavities using quasi-normal modes

Quasi-normal modes are used to characterize transmission resonances in 1D optical defect cavities and the related field approximations. We specialize to resonances inside the bandgap of the periodic multilayer mirrors that enclose the defect cavities. Using a template with the most relevant QNMs a variational principle permits to represent the field and the spectral transmission close to resonances

Variational coupled mode theory and perturbation analysis for 1D photonic crystal structures using quasi-normal modes

Quasi-normal modes are used to directly characterize defect resonances in composite 1D Photonic Crystal structures. Variational coupled mode theory using QNMs enables quantification of the eigenfrequency splitting in composite structures. Also, variational perturbation analysis of complex eigenfrequencies is addressed

Field representations for optical defect microcavities in 1D grating structures using quasi-normal modes

Quasi-Normal Modes are used to characterize transmission resonances in 1D optical defect cavities and the related field approximations. Using a mirror field and the relevant QNM, a variational principle permits to represent the field and the spectral transmission close to resonances