Regional Variations in the Permeable Rocks and Porosity of the Water Bearing Formations in Central North Kordofan and West White Nile Areas

     The present study aimed to delineate the regional variations in the permeable rocks and porosity of the water bearing formations in Bara and Kosti basins. The study depended on the determination of the permeable rock ratios and porosity calculation for the lithological samples obtained from borehole pertaining to the study area. Freehand 9.02 software application was used in this study for drawing maps and sections .The lithology indicates vertical and lateral changes in the rocks (sediments) facies forming the subsurface formations. The permeable rocks form the water bearing formations (aquifers) while the impermeable rocks such as clays represent aquiclude layers. The permeable sediments compose of coarse sands and gravels in the western part whereas they consist of medium sands in the eastern part of the study area. The facies description indicates that the ratio (percent) of the permeable rocks decrease from more than 60 % in Bara Basin (Umm Rawaba and El Basheri Sub-basins) in the West to less than 20 % as in Kosti Basin in the East. The porosity values of these rocks range from 17 - 23 % in the western part (Bara Basin) to 28 % in the eastern part. The variation in the rock facies indicates that the sediments composing the water bearing formations were transported from the northwest and southwest directions

The New Sakai: Efforts to construct the Sakai idenity

This study is about the transformation of the Sakai tribe regarding changes in the natural, socio-economic and political environment. The Sakai tribe has blended in with the community, owning companies, and holding political as well as government positions. Sakai now is the ‘new Sakai’ that is different from the ‘old Sakai’ stereotyped as backward, stupid, and introvert. The purpose of this paper is to describe the response of the Sakai tribe towards changes through their identity construction. We used ethnography as a method and the data was obtained by living in five kebatinan. The researcher lived at the research location, observed the situation, conducted in-depth interviews and had continuous discussions with the participant to deepen their understanding of the data. The data obtained was then then analyzed descriptively by discussing Warren's theory of identity construction and adaptation theory. This study found that the Sakai people adapt significantly to changes in the natural, socio-economic and political environment. One of the sources of this adaptability comes from education, that since the reformation, the Sakai people have massively made educational efforts for their younger generation. This study concludes that every community has the ability to adapt to changes in its environment based on the knowledge possessed by that community

MOLLUSCICIDAL ACTIVITY OF CERTAIN SUDANESE MEDICINAL PLANTS USED IN FOLK – MEDICINE

Objectives: In view of the promising potential of plant molluscicides, 10 plants indigenous to Sudan and of common use in Sudanese folk-medicine, were screened for their molluscicidal activity, using two local snail vectors, Bulinus truncates and Biomphalaria pfeifferi. Results: At different concentrations up to 500 ppm., seven plant samples were found to be lethal to both of the snail species. The pet. ether/CHCH3 (1:1) extracts of 6 plants were lethal as molluscicidal agents while only two plants showed 100% mortality to the snails as methanol extracts. The two most active plants that killed both snail hosts ( ≤ 50 ppm.), were obtained from the whole plant of Ambrosia maritimae (Asteraceae) and the fruits of Croton zambesicus (Euphorbiaceae). These two plants when phytochemically screened for their active constituents, they showed the presence of sterols and cardenolides. Conclusion: Vegetable molluscicides can be grown and can be used by communities in endemic areas to combat schistosomiasi

Plemorphic Adenoma of the Infratemporal Space: A New Case Report

Plemorphic adenoma is a frequent benign tumor of the major salivary glands. It could also develop from accessory salivary glands. We are reporting an extremely rare case of pleomorphic adenoma developing from the infratemporal space. The final diagnosis was based on histological confirmation. The treatment was mainly a complete resection via an anterior transmaxillary approach. Diagnosis, clinical behaviour, and treatment of pleomorphic adenoma of the infra-temporal space are reviewed from the literature

The P2X7 Receptor and NLRP3 Axis in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Brief Review

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide, and its prevalence is reaching epidemic characteristics both in adults and in children. The increase of NAFLD prevalence parallels that of obesity, now representing the major cause of liver inflammation, increasing the risk of cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma. Furthermore, NAFLD is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes, two of the major leading causes of morbidity and mortality in western countries. Thus a significant amount of studies have dealt with the evaluation of the possible molecular mechanisms leading to NAFLD and its inflammatory consequences within the liver, the non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and cirrhosis. The inflammasome is a key player in the inflammation and fibrogenic responses in many different tissues, including the liver. The activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome requires the activation by extracellular adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) of a specific purinergic receptor named P2X7 located in the target cells, although other pathways have been described. To this regard, extracellular ATP acts as an internal danger signal coming from damaged cells participating in the activation of the inflammatory process, a signaling pathway common to many different tissues. Here, we briefly review the involvement of the P2X7 receptor/inflammasome NLRP3 axis in the pathophysiological events leading to NAFLD and its inflammatory and fibrotic evolutions, reporting the possible therapeutical strategies targeting the P2X7 receptor/NLRP3 inflammasome

Antimalarial Activity of Certain Sudanese Medicinal Plants Used in Folk –Medicine

Ten indigenous plants of common use in Sudanese folk-medicine, vitro for antimalarial activity against Plasmoclium were examined in falciparum, the major human malaria parasite. All plant samples displayed various antimalarial activity. Three plant extracts caused 100% inhibition of the parasite growth at a concentration ≤ 500 g/ml. The most active extracts that produced 100% inhibition of the parasite growth at a concentration ≤ 50 g/ml were obtained from the seeds of Nigella sativa and the whole plant of Aristolochia bracteolata. These two plants were phytochemically screened for their active constituents and both showed the presence of sterols, alkaloids and tannins

A General 3D Non-Stationary 5G Wireless Channel Model

A novel unified framework of geometry-based stochastic models (GBSMs) for the fifth generation (5G) wireless communication systems is proposed in this paper. The proposed general 5G channel model aims at capturing small-scale fading channel characteristics of key 5G communication scenarios, such as massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), high-speed train (HST), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), and millimeter wave (mmWave) communication scenarios. It is a three-dimensional (3D) non-stationary channel model based on the WINNER II and Saleh-Valenzuela (SV) channel models considering array-time cluster evolution. Moreover, it can easily be reduced to various simplified channel models by properly adjusting model parameters. Statistical properties of the proposed general 5G small-scale fading channel model are investigated to demonstrate its capability of capturing channel characteristics of various scenarios, with excellent fitting to some corresponding channel measurements