433 research outputs found
Inclusive Photoproduction of Mesons on Nuclei and the in-medium properties of the S Resonance
A relativistic non-local model for the inclusive photoproduction of
mesons from complex nuclei is introduced. The model is based on the dominance
of the S(1535) resonance. We compare the results of our calculations
with the available data on inclusive cross sections for the nuclei C, Al and
Cu. Assuming the resonance propagates freely in the nuclear medium, we find
that the calculated angular distribution and energy dependence of the cross
sections reproduce the data in a reasonable fashion. The present non-local
model allows the inclusion of density dependent mass and width in the
calculations. Including these in the calculations reveals that the presently
available data do not show clear preference for the inclusion of such
modifications of the properties of the S(1535) in the nuclear medium.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figure
Relativistic Calculations for the Exclusive Photoproduction of Eta Mesons from Complex Nuclei
A relativistic model for the quasifree photoproduction of eta meson from
complex nuclei is developed. The interactions between fields are introduced
through effective Lagrangians. Contributions from several nucleon resonances as
well as nucleon Born terms and vector meson exchange diagrams are included.
Nucleon and eta wavefunctions are solutions of Dirac and Klein-Gordon
equations, respectively. Final state interactions of the outgoing particles are
included via optical potentials. The effects of these interactions on the cross
sections and photon asymmetries are studied and are found to be large.
Calculations indicate that at energies near threshold the exclusive reaction
takes place mainly through formation of the S_{11}(1535) resonance. Comparisons
with the non-relativistic calculations show differences between the two
approaches both for the cross sections and photon asymmetries. We give some
detailed predictions for the reaction observables for exclusive photoproduction
on ^{12}C, ^{16}O and ^{40}Ca.Comment: Latex, 27 pages, 13 uuencoded postscript figures. Accepted for
publication in Phys. Rev.
Effects of different dietary energy levels on growth performance and sexual gonads development of Beluga (Huso huso) reared in brackish water
Culture of beluga (Huso huso) in new conditions such as inland brackish water necessitates studying nutritional requirements and effects of different diets on gonadic and somatic growth as well as physiological condition. In this research 74 beluga each 4 years old cultured in brackish water of earthen ponds in Bafgh Fisheries Research Station, were selected and distributed in 8 circular cement ponds. Feeding was done in 4 formulated diets with fixed protein level and 4 energy levels (400, 425, 450, 475kcal/l00g). Samples were biopsied at the start and the end of the experiment to determine sexuality and stage of maturation. To study gonad tissues, the hematoxylin-eosin method was used. Results indicated that somatic and gonadic growth indices were affected by diets. Somatic growth overlapped in both sexes. Sexual maturation stages were not the same in males and females and transition from stage II in males was more rapid than females. Considering the results in this study, diet treatments influenced on somatic growth in both sexes and gonadic growth in females. We conclude that somatic and especially gonadic growth in brackish water is suitable. Therefore, inland brackish water environment can be regarded suitable for beluga cultivation
Relativistic calculations for photonuclear reactions; 2, nonrelativistic reductions and nuclear medium effects
The relativistic amplitude for the direct knock-out contribution to \left( \gamma, p \right) reactions on nuclei is reduced to a nonrelativistic form using an effective Pauli reduction scheme. The reduction is carried out to second order in the inverse nucleon mass. It is found that the interaction Hamiltonian appearing in the nonrelativistic amplitude has significant dependence, starting at second order, on the vector and scalar mean nuclear potentials. These strong medium modifications are absent in traditional nonrelativistic calculations. Detailed comparisons show that these modifications are crucial to understanding the differences between relativistic and nonrelativistic models. These differences are also examined through reduction of the relativistic amplitude via the Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation. Similar medium modifications are obtained in this case as well. We discuss the implications of these medium modifications for the consistency of existing nonrelativistic calculations
Plasma oxysterol level in patients with coronary artery stenosis and its changes in response to the treatment with atorvastatin
Background: Considering the increasing incidence of coronary artery stenosis and its related complications, the importance of its etiology and inconsistent reports we aimed to determine the relationship between oxysterol, serum levels and severity of coronary atherosclerosis and effect of statins on oxysterol. Methods: A total of 85 patients referred to Taleghani Hospital, Tehran, Iran during 2011-2012 with coronary artery stenosis more than 75, as determined by angiography, participated in the current study. Their demographic information and history of smoking and taking atorvastatin was carefully recorded. Two milliliters of venous blood was obtained from each patient. The serum oxysterol level of samples was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v.19. Results: Eighty five patients completed the study. Mean age of patients was 64.4 years; 51 (60) were male; 55 (68) had acute coronary syndrome and 30 (32) had chronic stable angina. Mean±SD of plasma level of oxysterol was 24.8±0.2 pmol/ml. The normal range of oxysterol level was 13pmol/ml. Mean±SD of plasma oxysterol level in patients under statin therapy was 24.4±2.1 pmol/ml. In patients without receiving statins, plasma oxysterol level was 26.38±1.6pmol/ml. Conclusion: Findings of the present study indicated significant correlation between serum oxysterol and severity of coronary artery stenosis. It also demonstrated that receiving atorvastatin is associated with significant reduction of plasma oxysterol level
Nuclear Medium Effects in the Relativistic Treatment of Quasifree Electron Scattering
Non-relativistic reduction of the S-matrix for the quasifree electron
scattering process is studied in order to
understand the source of differences between non-relativistic and relativistic
models. We perform an effective Pauli reduction on the relativistic expression
for the S-matrix in the one-photon exchange approximation. The reduction is
applied to the nucleon current only; the electrons are treated fully
relativistically. An expansion of the amplitude results in a power series in
the nuclear potentials. The series is found to converge rapidly only if the
nuclear potentials are included in the nuclear current operator. The results
can be cast in a form which reproduces the non-relativistic amplitudes in the
limit that the potentials are removed from the nuclear current operator. Large
differences can be found between calculations which do and do not include the
nuclear potentials in the different orders of the nuclear current operator. In
the high missing momentum region we find that the non-relativistic calculations
with potentials included in the nuclear current up to second order give results
which are close to those of the fully relativistic calculation. This behavior
is an indication of the importance of the medium modifications of the nuclear
currents in this model, which are naturally built into the relativistic
treatment of the reaction.Comment: Latex, 26 pages including 5 uuencoded postscript figures. accepted
for publication in Phys. Rev. C
Non-locality and Medium Effects in the Exclusive Photoproduction of Eta Mesons on Nuclei
A relativistic model for the quasifree exclusive photoproduction of
mesons on nuclei is extended to include both non-local and medium effects. The
reaction is assumed to proceed via the dominant contribution of the
S(1535) resonance. The complicated integrals resulting from the
non-locality are simplified using a modified version of a method given by
Cooper and Maxwell. The non-locality effects are found to affect the magnitude
of the cross section. Some possibilities reflecting the effects of the medium
on the propagation and properties of the intermediate S resonance are
studied. The effects of allowing the S to interact with the medium via
mean field scalar and vector potentials are considered. Both broadening of
width and reduction in mass of the resonance lead to a suppression of the
calculated cross sections.Comment: 19 pages, 7 figure
The effect of Aerobic Training and Cinnamon Zeylanicum Intake on Total Antioxidant Capacity in Active Women
Aims: Imbalance between the production of free radicals and the antioxidant defense system leads to oxidative stress. In addition, plants can reduce stress-induced oxidative damage. In this study we evaluated the effects of aerobic exercise with cinnamon intake on serum oxidative capacity in active women.
Materials & Methods: 28 female students of physical education with age range 30-20 years, and the average BMI 22/71 kg/m² were voluntarily selected and randomly divided to 5 groups: 1) aerobic exercise 2) aerobic exercise combined with cinnamon 3) aerobic exercise with placebo 4 ) cinnamon and 5) control group. Intensity aerobic exercise was performed for 6 weeks within 65-80% of maximum heart rate and formula was 220-age. Blood samples were collected at the beginning and end of the study and the significance level was set at (p<0.05).
Findings: TAC ( Total Antioxidant Capacity), uric acid and bilirubin in the aerobic exercise group with cinnamon consumption showed no significant difference (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Probably sports activities with 65-80% of maximal oxygen consumption intensity more than 6 weeks with the consumption of cinnamon can improve the TAC level in active women
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