Comparison of theoretically predicted lateral-directional aerodynamic characteristics with full-scale wind tunnel data on the ATLIT airplane

An analytical method is presented for predicting lateral-directional aerodynamic characteristics of light twin engine propeller-driven airplanes. This method is applied to the Advanced Technology Light Twin Engine airplane. The calculated characteristics are correlated against full-scale wind tunnel data. The method predicts the sideslip derivatives fairly well, although angle of attack variations are not well predicted. Spoiler performance was predicted somewhat high but was still reasonable. The rudder derivatives were not well predicted, in particular the effect of angle of attack. The predicted dynamic derivatives could not be correlated due to lack of experimental data

Comparison of theoretical predicted longitudinal aerodynamic characteristics with full-scale wind tunnel data on the ATLIT airplane

An analytical method is presented for predicting the lift coefficient, the pitching moment coefficient, and the drag coefficient of light, twin-engine, propeller-driven airplanes. The method was applied to the Advanced Technology Light Twin-Engine airplane. The calculated characteristics were then correlated against full scale wind tunnel data. The analytical method was found to predict the drag and pitching moment fairly well. However, the lift prediction was extremely poor

Letter from M. S. Griswold to John Muir, [ca. 1900].

[1]cca1900[y?][letterhead]My Dear Old Friend,John Muir:My first impulse was to make my address to you somewhat more formal, putting perhaps an Esq. or L.L.D. after your name, but have concluded finally on plain John Muir just as Hawitt and I always speak of you. I noticed and of course read with the utmost pleasure, I assure you, your Article in the Atlantic Monthly of this month, recounting some of the experiences of your earlier years, and among those sundry incidents of your life at University, where I became acquainted with you, and I may add also with that dear old [clock?] and its ingenious mechanisms, and with some of the varied functions you would [illegible] it to perform. I have often spoken to my friends about that wonderful [clock?] and the manner in which you brought it into play in kindling the fires at the School House the winter you taught, as that was almost the first thing you told me about, when in the Spring following we both got back to our Studies from our respective Schools. Concerning your observations in the Article referred to, and also suggested in your letter to me of some four years ago, that you took your first lessons in Botany from me, that lesson comes to my mind quite vividly.02819 [letterhead]#2.I had been out, I think on a Saturday, on a Botanical ramble around M[uil?] Lake, gathering some new specimens of plants for my herbarium. The next morning I r[ested?] myself on the steps of our Dormitory to analyze them and put them into the Press, and while so engaged you came along and looked on with considerable interest, and finally said you didn\u27t see how I so readily [illegible] the species and names of the plants I had. I picked up a new specimen and said, \u27sit down a few minutes, Muir, and I will take this plant and explain it to you.\u27 Then I began, calling attention to the leading features of the plant and flower, and referring to the tables and gradually tracing the plant from one subdivision to another until I had fixed the Order, and then turning to the Order from the table there [illegible] getting the genus and species. When I had thus traced the plant to its name, you exclaimed,\u27That\u27s wonderful, perfectly wonderful, Griswold; I must get me a Botany right off!\u27 And you did get one, almost immediately, and after that we had many a cheery Botanical ramble together often tramping about the wooded shores of the Lakes.02819 [letterhead]#3.I think that for the time being, I never took more intense interest in any one study than I did those days in Botany. Every plant, even the humblest, seemed to me a thing of life and wonder. I was at the same time gretly interested in my Latin and Greek, catching as to those something of the enthusiasm of Prof. Butler who was my instructor in [illegible], and may I say that my interest in the ancient classics has never abated, but has of late [years?] grown upon me so that my hours in my home library with [illegible], Plato, H[illegible] or Livy, and also with the leading German, French and Italian authors are my recreation. The modern languages suggested above I have taken up and made myself [conversant?] with simply by application of my leisure hours since I settled here forty years ago. In my first years at the University I thought I might possibly someday become myself a teacher, either of the classics, or in some field of natural science. But that was not to be. The last year of my college life brought a change and I turned eventually to Law, and as it happens [thus?] I am here in my Law Office, after twenty years of service as a County Judge. While I was Judge I had civil jurisdiction and the legal problems that would often arise [illegible] gave me real pleasure in their investigation.02819 [letterhead]#4.As a student myself in common with our other fellow students thought you would probably become distinguished as an [illegible], such seemed to us to be the bent of your genius. But your field has proven rather to be [illegible] of science and one in which you have one an honored name Many are the Articles from you pen I have read from time to time, describing with vivid glow and [illegible] the scenes amid which you have wandered. I can always look back to your enthusiasm when, in our walks, you would [call?] some new flower, and can easily appreciate how every fresh feature of nature seems to speak to you as with a living voice Dearly indeed would I enjoy with you an ramble among the wonders of your adopted State, but having now passed the [year?] of [these?] [illegible] [time?] in my life, I shall probably never have that privilege. I had last summer a glorious visit with our old [illegible] friend Rattan, also in company with J. N. Stewart whom you must remember Stewart by the way is this winter at Madison, as represtative of the city of Appleton in the lower house of our legislature. With many pleasant recollections of our former days together -I remainYours sincerelyM. S. Griswold0281

Reminiscence of John Muir by Griswold, M.S.

Waukesha, Wis. March 30, 1917. Prof. William Frederic Bade, Boston, Mass. Dear Sir: Conforming to your courteous request made to me in yours of the 20th instant, I cheerfully submit the following as some of my recollections respecting John Muir, the late great naturalist of California. My acquaintance with him personally was in connection with my college life at the State University, at Madison, Wisconsin. It began about April 1, 1861, at which time I returned to my classes at Madison, having by reason of ill health been home on my father\u27s farm during the previous year. On my return to school at the date above mentioned I found John Muir at the University, having a room and pursuing a mixed course of study, a course selected by himself and including Latin, chemistry, geology, and something in the line of mathematics. I soon found him out and called upon him, and was greatly surprised as well as interested by the several ingenious pieces of mechanism he had constructed and placed in his room. Among them was a curious thermometer of his own device and also a barometer and a clock hanging up on one of the walls shaped as a scythe and snath, the snath being a rugged piece of a small sapling in about the shape of a regular snath, and at one end of it a wooden scythe along which were appended twelve wheels, they representing the months of the year, and all in exact movement and designating the months of the year as well as the more minute divisions of time. Above this scythe-clock, if I may so term it, was a large label lettered,- The Scythe of Time. Then there was the famous big clock of his own invention and construction so fully described in his late work,- The Story of my Boyhood and Youth. As to this big clock and all the uses its ingenious builder made of it, I can only refer to his own story in regard to the same, so fully and artlessly told in the book referred to and where may be seen an illustration of the clock just as I remember it. By means of this clock and proper wire connections with his bed he would set himself on his feet any hour in the morning he might have determined on the night before. The boys at the University had the story in circulation at one time that Muir had suggested to Prof. Sterling, the head then of the faculty, that with that clock and wires sufficient he could rouse all the students from their beds at any morning hour he might designate. Possibly this was gotten up as a joke, but I have no doubt he could have done it. He had a clock also which he brought into play in lighting his fires each morning at the schoolhouse in which he taught a country school in the Town of Westport, North of Madison. This season of his teaching was during the winter of 1861-2, and I also taught a school the same winter. On closing my school about the last of March I of course returned to Madison and I found Muir already there and back in his room. I at once sought him out and, after exchanging congratulations and detailing to each other some of our teaching experiences, almost the first question he asked was,- Griswold, did you make your own fires while you were out teaching? Of course I did I replied, We had no janitor and I boarded around and had to be at the school by eight every morning to get the fire started so it would be comfortable and warm when the scholars began to pour in, Well, says he, I did that too for the first week, but no longer. I then made my clock you see there do that job for me. O Muir , said I, You can . make your clocks do most anything: but how did you manage it? He then went on and explained the process, how towards four in the afternoon of each day he would let the fire in the large box-stove die down and when school was dismissed he would thoroughly clean out the stove, put in some shavings and kindlings and on top of those the oak wood, and just at the inward edge of the stove-hearth and near the shavings he would place a teaspoonful or so of powdered sugar and chlorate of potash and then at top of the stove-door would suspend a small vial, upright of course, containing a couple drops of sulphuric acid. This vial then he would by means of a wire connect with his clock and so adjust it that at eight the next morning the vial, in consequence of a slight strain on the wire caused by the clock, would be inverted and would drop the acid on the chemicals below. This of course would cause an instant ignition, set afire the shavings and kindlings, an when he would come to his school a little before nine, he would invariably find the fire going finely, and the schoolhouse nice and warm. In the book I have before mentioned Muir gives me credit with having given him his first lesson in botany and which sent him to the woods and meadows to study God\u27s plant-world. To the same fact he alluded in a letter he wrote me several years ago wherein he mentioned his grateful remembrance of that firt lesson. How I chanced to become the humble instrument of spurring his attention to that subject was something like this. During 1860, while home on the farm, I took up by myself the study of botany, and during the summer and fall of that year every new plant I would find in the woods I would eagerly pluck, stem and flower both, take it home with me, locate its t name by help of the analytical tables in Wood\u27s Botany, and put the plant in my botanical press with a label as to its name and when and where found, preparatory to putting it finally into my herbarium. I became enthusiastic in the study of plants and flowers and continued so during my future course at the University. Hence it was the most natural thing in the world that, probably along in June, 1861, should have occurred the little incident under the locust tree, which Muir tells of in his book and my then calling his attention to the likeness of the locust flower to that of the pea, bean or vetch. But it was not until several days after this incident that he procured a work on botany. On a Saturday, I think the next Saturday after the incident spoken of, I had been out on a long ramble and collected a number of new fresh flowers. On the following Sunday morning I took them out on the Campus to analyze them and put them in my press. While I was thus engaged Muir came along and stopped to watch me. After a few minutes as I placed a plant in the press, telling him I had found its name, he observed it seemed wonderful to him how I so easily got at the name of a new flower. I bade him sit down by me and see how I did it. He sat down and I took up a plant with the flowers on it, remarking that it was a new one to me, but I thought I could soon locate it. I called his attention carefully to all parts of the plant, to the arrangement of its leaves and of the different organs of the flower, and then went step by step through the analytical tables, having him note every link in the process, until at length I located the name, generic and specific, and full description of the plant we had under investigation. He said,- Why, Griswold, that is perfectly wonderful. I am going to get me a -botany at once and then we can ramble the woods together. In less than a week he had bought for himself a work on Botany, the same kind I had, and from that time until June, 1863, we went together on many a botanical excursion over the prairies, among the woods and around the lakes of Dane County. In all these rambles we had with each other Muir\u27s enthusiasm whenever he would catch sight of a new flower seemed almost unbounded. From the first day I knew him his love of Nature in all her aspects appeared to be a prominent trait in his character. During the spring of 1863 we both attended the lectures of Dr. Carr it on advanced chemistry, geology and botany, and it was during that time that Muir got up, in his room he explained it to me, a delicate contrivance/enclosed in glass by which could be made visible tie daily growth of plants and the action on them of the sunlight. All his fellow-students and his instructors thought, and very naturally, that he would distinguish himself as an inventor. Doubtless he could have done so. But soon his love of Mature overcame his every other impulse and led him in paths which caused him to become eventually the world\u27s greatest authority on the glaciers of the Pacific Coast. He was one of the most companionable of men I have ever met with, and his warm, genial and sympathetic nature is well attested by those who at different times have been associated with him in his explorations of the mountains of California and of the glaciers of Alaska. He was utterly free from all affectation, and gifted with the happy faculty of being able to express his thoughts on any subject aptly, and to put before the eye the very picture, as it were, of whatever he attempted to describe graphically, and at the same time clearly and with a beautiful simplicity of diction. This may be seenfrom the reading of his many contributions found in different magazines descriptive of scenes about the Yosemite Valley, the Yellowstone Park and other places, and in his story of Stickeen, or A Day with a Dog - the latter a tale called by one writer the greatest dog story ever written. I never personally met with the subject of this sketch after of my graduation in 1863. But of our associations together during the days of our student life at the University I shall always treasure the most fond and vivid recollections. The last communication I had from him was not long before his death, and in it he spoke of the work he was then engaged in writing, quite an elaborate one on Alaska, He remarked in that letter that the subject grew upon him and his hardest problem in preparing the work was to decide what to put in it and what to leave out. Trusting that the matters I have set forth in the forgoing pages, though perhaps not new, may not be altogether without interest, I remain Very Sincerely Yours, M.S. Griswol

Letter from M. S. Griswold to John Muir, 1913 May 14.

GRISWOLD & GRISWOLD,LAWYERS,M.S. GRISWOLD. W.S. GRISWOLD.SUITE 28,PUTNEY BLOCK.WAUKESHA,WIS.May14,1913.John Muir,Martinez, Cal.My dear friend of Auld lang Syne :- I hasten to acknowledge the receiptfrom you of a copy of your late book, The Story of my Boyhood and Youth, and I assure you it is many a day since I have received from any source a gift which I shall so much prize as this over your own signature. Your note on the fly-leaf so kindly remembering me I sincerely appreciate, and by it I am doubly reminded of our mutual enthusiasm over the beauties of leaf and flower, as we used often to wander together around the lakes of Madison in our days at the University.Just fifty years next month have passed since then, and since we met last in Dr. Carr\u27s lecture room, passing our final examination before him in our concluding studies in Geology, Botany and kindred sciences. These intervening years have brought changes, indeed, though with me nothing adventuresome. It being the fiftieth Anniversary of my graduation, I perhaps may go out to Madison at Commencement in June, and once more look over the old Campus and its surroundings and recent improvements. Yet, possibly , I may not go.Then I last attended Commencement, it was in 1909, at the Alumni Reunion and Banquet there were but two or three present of so early a date as mine at the University, and I had really a feeling of loneliness, and unavoidably came to me thoughts tinged with a degree of sadness, as I called up to memory the faces I missed.One thing I would give more for than to revisit the University itself, and that is to find and revisit two or three favorite spots distant some fifteen miles South West of Madison, where in my Botanical rambles in 1859 and 1860 I culled some of the choicest specimens of flowers, and withal made the acquaintance of several then new settlers in the wilderness, one of whom entertained me several times, and Whom I found to be a young Virginian just starting on his pioneer struggles and a most intelligent and genial companion. His location was an ideal spot both for beauty and wildness of scenery, and the limpid springs which gushed from the high rocks on his premises would throw into the shade the most famous springs of our city of Waukesha. Most of our old haunts around the lakes of Madison have greatly changed, but considerable of forest and of Nature is yet found on the old cedar skirted bluff, the Eagles\u27 Nest as they now call it. some three miles West of the city, and on the South shore of Lake Mendota. And this I am informed has been lately added to the University farm.Yours of March 27th duly received and noted with interest your late visits to South America and to the Old World. My own wanderings, since settling in my professional life, have been confined, outside of Wisconsin and its adjacent states, to several visits in the East, and to historical spots in New England and in Eastern New York, where I have always found much to admire and enjoy.Dearly would I like to join you some time amid some of the scenes of the WESTERN Coast you have often so graphically described, but I do not now think that is to be. For the Book you have sent me and the many delightful memories it revives I most heartily, most deeply thank you. Sincerely your old friend, [illegible

Sertoli cells synthesize and secrete transferrin-like protein

One of the major proteins secreted by Sertoli cells (Band 3) has a molecular weight on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels which corresponds to rat serum transferrin. The preparation of Sertoli cell-secreted proteins contains an iron-binding protein with electrophoretic properties on native polyacrylamide gels similar to serum transferrin. Antibodies against Sertoli cell-secreted proteins contain a component which will immunoprecipitate serum transferrin. Antibodies to serum transferrin cross-react with and immunoprecipitate a major component (Band 3) of [35S]-methionine-labeled Sertoli cell-secreted proteins. We propose that testicular transferrin is a major secretory product of Sertoli cells in culture. In addition to transferrin, antiserum to rat serum proteins will immunoprecipitate one other polypeptide from preparations of Sertoli cell-secreted proteins

PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS REGARDING GROWTH OF THE DAIRY INDUSTRY IN ILLINOIS

Community opposition to dairies has altered location decisions by milk producers. Our objective was to identify residents' perceptions towards dairy by individual and community characteristics. A mail survey of residents of dairy counties and non-dairy counties was conducted. Dairy county residents were more willing to live close to a dairy.Livestock Production/Industries,

A sulfated glycoprotein synthesized by Sertoli cells and by epididymal cells is a component of the sperm membrane

We report here the purification, partial characterization and immunofluorescent localization of a dimeric acidic glycoprotein (DAG-protein) secreted by cultures of Sertoli cells of rat testes. Partially purified protein was obtained after chromatography over Sepharose 4B under conditions which favored a soluble, nonaggregated form of the protein. Rechromatography over the same column under reducing conditions yielded very pure monomers of 41,000 daltons and 29,000 daltons. Antibodies were prepared against the mixed monomers and used to immunoprecipitate proteins in spent medium from cultures incubated with [35S] methionine, 35SO4 = or tunicamycin. DAG-protein and another protein (Band 4, 70,000 daltons) were coprecipitated by the antiserum and all contained 35SO4 = in their structures. It was shown by Western blotting that the antiserum cross-reacted very weakly with Band 4 protein. The DAG-protein polypeptides secreted in the presence of tunicamycin were assumed to lack N-glycosylation and exhibited apparent molecular weights of 27,000 and 21,000 daltons. Immunoprecipitations of media from organ cultures of testis and epididymis yielded DAG-protein of slightly lower molecular weight than the protein secreted in Sertoli cell cultures. Indirect immunofluorescence of DAG-protein in paraffin sections of testis and epididymis revealed that the protein was concentrated in the cytoplasm of Sertoli cells, on the stereocilia of epididymal principal cells, in the cytoplasm of epididymal halo cells, and was associated with late spermatids and mature sperm. Sperm were specifically labeled on the acrosome, at the neck, and on the endpiece of the tail. No enzymatic or structural function has been ascribed to DAG-protein as yet, but the protein must play a pivotal role in spermatogenesis because it is secreted by both the testis and epididymis and becomes an integral component of sperm

First Records of the Adventive Pseudoanthidium nanum (Mocsáry) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in Illinois and Minnesota, with Notes on its Identification and Taxonomy

We report the first records of Pseudoanthidium nanum (Mocsáry) in Illinois and Minnesota in 2016 and 2018, respectively. This represents a relatively rapid expansion since P. nanum was first detected in New Jersey in 2008. In order to help monitor the spread of this bee, we provide information on how to identify P. nanum and provide images of the general habitus, diagnostic features, and male genitalia. Finally, we confirm the taxonomic identity of P. nanum in the United States and highlight potential impacts on native anthidiines