Analysis of Mosha fault by using earthquake focal mechanism

We used the focal mechanism of crustal earthquakes to estimate the magnitude and direction of the maximum principal stress near Tehran. Our assumptions are that the slip vector lies in the fault plane and is parallel to the maximum resolved shear stress in that plane. The theoretical analysis is tested using accurately determined focal mechanisms of 51 earthquakes) that occurred along the Mosha fault. The earthquake focal mechanisms in the Central Alborz are divided into seven groups with respect to their location. The method that applied here is based on a developed stress inversion of Michael proposed by Vaclav Vavrycukin 2014 by applying the fault instability constraint and the stress is calculated by iterations

Chemical, microbial and sensory changes of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) fish treated with black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) extract during storage at refrigerator

The changes in chemical, microbial and quality sensory of fillets for silver carp fish treated with black cumin extract during refrigerated storage were investigated. The fish were divided into two groups. First group was dipped in black cumin extract with concentration of 1% and received the highest score in sensory evaluation. Then the fishes were wrapped in polyethylene package. The second group, as the control samples, were wrapped in polyethylene package after dipping in distilled water. All treatments were stored at refrigerator temperature (1±4°C). The microbial tests including total viable count, psychrotrophic count and chemical tests including peroxide index, thiobarbituric acid, free fatty acid value and total volatile basic nitrogen, with sensory evaluation, were done at 4°C over a period of 15 days. The results showed that the black cumin extract delayed lipid oxidation and protein analyses significantly in treated fishes. Psycrotrophic bacteria and total viable count of samples being treated with black cumin extract were maintained lower than the proposed acceptable limit (7 log cfu/g). In comparison to the control samples, microbial spoilage significantly decreased in treated samples. Furthermore, according to sensory analysis, the treatment with black cumin extract led to high quality during storage.The findings indicated that black cumin exerts had strong antioxidant and antibacterial impacts on silver carp fish, such that the shelf life of fillets being treated with black cumin were 2.5 times more than that of control samples during storage in refrigerator

Strontium-and cobalt-doped multicomponent mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGS) for potential use in bone tissue engineering applications

Mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGs) offer suitable platforms for drug/ion delivery in tissue engineering strategies. The main goal of this study was to prepare strontium (Sr)-and cobalt (Co)-doped MBGs; strontium is currently used in the treatment of osteoporosis, and cobalt is known to exhibit pro-angiogenic effects. Sr-and Co-doped mesoporous glasses were synthesized for the first time in a multicomponent silicate system via the sol-gel method by using P123 as a structure-directing agent. The glassy state of the Sr-and Co-doped materials was confirmed by XRD before immersion in SBF, while an apatite-like layer was detected onto the surface of samples post-immersion. The textural characteristics of MBGs were confirmed by nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurements. In vitro experiments including MTT assay, Alizarin red staining, and cell attachment and migration showed the cytocompatibility of all the samples as well as their positive effects on osteoblast-like cell line MG-63. Early experiments with human umbilical vein endothelial cells also suggested the potential of these MBGs in the context of angiogenesis. In conclusion, the prepared materials were bioactive, showed the ability to improve osteoblast cell function in vitro and could be considered as valuable delivery vehicles for therapeutics, like Co2+ and Sr2+ ions

Effects of amitraz, buprofezin and propargite on some fitness parameters of the parasitoid Encarsia formosa (Hym.: Aphelinidae), using life table and IOBC methods

The side-effects of amitraz, buprofezin and propargite were studied on Encarsia formosa (Gahan)in the laboratory, using a life table response experiment and the IOBC system for their toxicity. Bioassayswere conducted by dipping bean leaves containing third instar nymphs of the whitefly Trialeurodesvaporariorum (Westwood), parasitized by E. formosa, in insecticide solutions or caging adult parasitoidsin treated petri dishes. The insecticide buprofezin caused 19.87% and 11.87% mortality in adults andpupae respectively. Amitraz showed the highest level of toxicity for the adults (100% mortality) and thepupae of parasitoids (83.3% mortality). Both buprofezin and propargite caused no adverse effect on thefecundity and longevity of parasitoids, but amitraz significantly reduced the fecundity and longevity ofadults. Life table assay indicated that buprofezin and propargite have no major impact on the intrinsic rateof natural increase (rm), while amitraz lowered the rm value by 7.03%. According to the IOBCclassification of toxicity, buprofezin was found to be harmless for the pupae and adults and amitrazproved to be harmful for adults. Based on both the life table and IOBC methodology, buprofezin andpropargite are found to be relatively safe for E. formosa and can be used in integrated pest managementprograms where this parasitoid is involved

Strontium-and cobalt-doped multicomponent mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGS) for potential use in bone tissue engineering applications

Mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGs) offer suitable platforms for drug/ion delivery in tissue engineering strategies. The main goal of this study was to prepare strontium (Sr)-and cobalt (Co)-doped MBGs; strontium is currently used in the treatment of osteoporosis, and cobalt is known to exhibit pro-angiogenic effects. Sr-and Co-doped mesoporous glasses were synthesized for the first time in a multicomponent silicate system via the sol-gel method by using P123 as a structure-directing agent. The glassy state of the Sr-and Co-doped materials was confirmed by XRD before immersion in SBF, while an apatite-like layer was detected onto the surface of samples post-immersion. The textural characteristics of MBGs were confirmed by nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurements. In vitro experiments including MTT assay, Alizarin red staining, and cell attachment and migration showed the cytocompatibility of all the samples as well as their positive effects on osteoblast-like cell line MG-63. Early experiments with human umbilical vein endothelial cells also suggested the potential of these MBGs in the context of angiogenesis. In conclusion, the prepared materials were bioactive, showed the ability to improve osteoblast cell function in vitro and could be considered as valuable delivery vehicles for therapeutics, like Co2+ and Sr2+ ions. © 2020 by the authors

Antioxidant activity of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) and black caraway (Buniumpersicum Boiss) extracts, individually and in combination on chemical changes and sensory properties of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthysmolitrix) stored in refrigerator

Herbs due to having natural antioxidant compounds are widely used by food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. The purpose of this study was to study the effects of antioxidant activities of black cumin as well as black caraway extracts individually and in the combination form on chemical and sensory properties of silver carp during refrigerator storage. To do this, fish was cut into four parts. Three parts were dipped in 1% solution of black cumin and black caraway extracts, and their combination. The forth part was dipped in distilled water as a control sample. All fish cuts were packed up in polyethylene bags and were stored at refrigerator (4±1°C). Chemical indices (i.e., PV, TBA and FFA) and sensory properties were measured over a period of 15 days (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days). According to the results, in all three treatments lipid oxidation was delayed significantly (

An evaluation of the effect of botanical insecticide, palizin in comparison with chemical insecticide, imidacloprid on the black citrus aphid, Toxoptera aurantii Boyer de Fonscolombe and its natural enemy, Aphidius colemani Viereck

The black citrus aphid, Toxoptera aurantii Boyer de Fonscolombe (Hemiptera: Aphididae), an important pest of citrus species, feeds by sucking sap from plant leaves. It causes some leaf distortion and malformation of growing leaves and shoot tips. In this study, the eff ects of the botanical insecticide, palizin on T. aurantii and its parasitoid, Aphidius colemani Viereck (Hymenoptera: Brachonidae) were compared with the chemical insecticide, imidacloprid. Th e compounds were evaluated at maximum recommended fi eld concentrations: palizin 2,000 ppm, imidacloprid 500 ppm, water (as control) on adult aphids. Spraying was done with a 100-l engine Honda sprayer (GX120T1, 160T1, 200T) until run-off . Th e number of dead aphids was recorded 24, 48 and 72 hours aft er treatment. According to the results, statistically signifi cant diff erences were found between treatments (p ≤ 0.05). Twenty-four hours aft er treatment, imidacloprid was more eff ective than palizin in reducing the T. aurantii population. Palizin showed high effi ciency (95% mortality) 72 hours aft er treatment. However, at that time, there was no statistically signifi cant diff erence between the mean mortality percentages of imidacloprid and palizin. This shows that botanical insecticide, palizin can eff ectively control T. aurantii. Also, palizin caused low mortality (10.86%) on A. colemani while imidacloprid was more toxic (31.1% mortality). The results of the present study indicated that palizin can be used instead of chemical insecticide, imidacloprid in control programs of T. aurantii

The Role of Parenting Styles in Predicting Anxiety Thoughts and Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms in Adolescents

Introduction: Parents interaction styles with children or teens have an important impact on shaping their character and mental health and the incidence of some psychiatric symptoms. The aim of this study was to predict anxiety thought and obsessive - compulsive symptoms of the adolescents based on parents' parenting styles. Methods: This was a descriptive study. 180 male students in Marand were selected by cluster random sampling. We used Baumrind parents parenting style questionnaire, Wales anxiety thoughts questionnaire and Maudsley obsessive- compulsive questionnaire. Data was analyzed by Pearson's correlation test and multiple regression analysis. Results: Data analysis showed that obsessive- compulsive symptoms and anxiety ideas were positively related to the authoritarian and permissive parenting styles and negatively related to authoritative parenting style. Parenting style is able to predict the level of obsessive - compulsive symptoms and adolescent anxiety ideas. Conclusion: The results showed that parents' parenting style is one of the influencing factors on adolescent health. Parents with authoritative parenting style, have the children with lower obsessive - compulsive symptoms and anxious thoughts

Micellization and synergistic effect in an aqueous solution of an AOS-TX100 mixture: before and after equilibrium in the presence of clay

In this research, a novel surfactant mixture consisting of anionic (alpha olefin sulfonate [AOS]) and nonionic (TX100) type was developed. Possible synergistic effect in micelle formation in different mass ratios of the mixture (1:2, 1:1, and 2:1) was studied by surface tension measurement method. Rubingh's Regular Solution theory was used to evaluate the interaction parameters (β) and activity coefficient (f) for both binary mixture and single surfactants, before and after equilibrium in the presence of clay minerals (kaolinite and illite). The differences between experimentally obtained CMC values and ideally calculated values, showed nonideality of the mixtures. In addition, the lower CMC values of mixtures in comparison with individual surfactants were an indication of synergism. The synergistic effect was maintained before and after equilibrium with clay minerals. The β values of the mixture before equilibrium were in the range -1.5 to -2.6. However, after equilibrium with kaolinite, the values were in the range of -1.9 to -3.9 while after equilibrium with illite they were in the range -1 to -3. For the mixture, before and after equilibrium, the synergism became more severe as mole fractions of AOS increased in the mixture