PRINCIPLES OF AESTHETICS IN ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

Principles of aesthetics in Islamic architecture have been achieved through the analysis of the existing historical buildings and monuments. Nowadays we cannot copy the forms of our ancient architecture, but through the analysis of their forms, we can use the meaning of visual understanding of the physical aspect of our ancient architecture in the modern Islamic architecture (contemporary Islamic architecture)

Determinants of delay in diagnosis and end stage at presentation among breast cancer patients in Iran: a multi-center study

One of the reasons for high mortality of breast cancer (BC) is long delay in seeking medical care and end stage at presentation. This study was designed to measure the association between a wide range of socio-demographic and clinical factors with diagnostic delay in BC and stage at presentation among Iranian patients. From June 2017 to December 2019, 725 patients with newly diagnosed BC in Shiraz and Kermanshah were selected and information on BC diagnosis delay was obtained from the patient's medical record. Data on socio-economic status was obtained via a structured interview. Our findings suggest that 45.8 of the patients were diagnosed at a late stage (stage 3 or higher). A total of 244 (34) patients had more than 3 months delay in diagnosis. We found a significant association between stage at diagnosis and place of residence (adjusted odds ratio (aOR rural vs. urban = 1.69, 95 CI 1.49-1.97), marital status (aOR 1.61, 95 CI 1.42-1.88), family history of BC (aOR 1.46, 95 CI 1.01-2.13), and history of benign breast disease (BBD) (aOR 1.94, 95 CI 1.39-2.72) or unaware of breast self-examination (BSE) (aOR 1.42, 95 CI 1.42-1.85), delay time (aOR 3.25, 95 CI 1.04-5.21), and left breast tumor (aOR right vs. left 2.64, 95 CI 1.88-3.71) and smoking (aOR no vs. yes 1.59, 95 CI 1.36-1.97). Also, delay in diagnosis was associated with age, family income, health insurance, place of residence, marital status, menopausal status, history of BBD, awareness of breast self-examination, type of first symptoms, tumor histology type, BMI and comorbidity (p < 0.05 for all). Factors including history of BBD, awareness of BSE, and suffering from chronic diseases were factors associated with both delay in diagnosis and end stage of disease. These mainly modifiable factors are associated with the progression of the disease

Efficacy of stool antigen test for the non-invasive diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in dyspeptic patients referred to GI clinic of Kashan Shahid Beheshti Hospital during 2007-8

Background: Dyspepsia is one of the most common ailments today and Helicobacter pylori infection is known as one of the common causes of dyspepsia in adults and children. Histopathologic diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori is a standard method and biopsy samples can be obtained by invasive endoscopy method. The current study was designed to evaluate the diagnostic value of stool antigen test of Helicobacter pylori as a non-invasive method. Materials and Methods: In this study all dyspeptic patients referred to GI clinic of Kashan Shahid Beheshti Hospital from 2007 to 2008 were involved in this study. In upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, mucosal biopsy was taken from antrum and corpus simultaneous examination of the stool antigen sample for diagnosing of Helicobacter pylori was evaluated using ELISA method (positive titer&gt;1/1). Data were collected and analyzed for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. Results: Among the 100 dyspeptic patients 50 were men and the remaining 50 women with a mean age of 43.3&plusmn;17.13. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value in stool antigen test were 83.3, 79.4, 88.7 and 71.7, respectively. There was a direct correlation between the severity of Helicobacter pylori infection and stool antigen titer in biopsy samples. Conclusions: The stool antigen test as a noninvasive method of diagnosing Helicobacter pylori can be regarded as an affordable alternative to the invasive biopsy procedure