Open Government Data: A Focus on Key Economic and Organizational Drivers

Grounding the analysis on multidisciplinary literature on the topic, the existing EU legislation and relevant examples, this working paper aims at highlighting some key economic and organizational aspects of the "Open Government Data" paradigm and its drivers and implications within and outside Public Administrations. The discussion intends to adopt an "Internet Science" perspective, taking into account as enabling factors the digital environment itself, as well as specific models and tools. More "traditional" and mature markets grounded on Public Sector Information are also considered, in order to indirectly detect the main differences with respect to the aforementioned paradig

Grundsaetzliche Untersuchungen zur sprengtechnischen Herstellung grossraeumiger Deponiekammern im Steinsalzgebirge

TIB Hannover: DR 4705 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

The adsorption kinetics of the stable radical TEMPO on the pristine and water functionalized Si(001)-(2x1) surface

In dieser Arbeit wurde die Adsorptionskinetik des stabilen Radikals TEMPO auf der reinen und der wassergesättigten Si(001)-Oberfläche mit HREELS, STM und LEED untersucht. Es zeigte sich, dass TEMPO auf der reinen Si(001)-Oberfläche nur an 11% der freien Si-Atome adsorbiert und bei 300K eine ungeordnete Monolage ausbildet, die dennoch die gesamte Oberfläche effektiv passiviert. Auf der wasserbedeckten (H,OH)/Si(001)-Oberfläche adsorbiert TEMPO bei 300K selektiv an die 4% der natürlich unreagierten Si-Atome (dangling bonds), wobei die SiH- und SiOH-Gruppen unberührt bleiben. Mit Hilfe von zeit-, temperatur- und winkelaufgelöste HREELS-Messungen konnten verschiedene Adsorptionsmechanismen und sich sukzessiv aufbauende TEMPO-Lagen im Temperaturbereich zwischen 105K<T<300K getrennt beobachtet werden. Ein neuer Ansatz zur Auswertung von HREELS-Daten auf Basis der inelastischen Stoßstreuungsintensität wurde entwickelt und für die Auswertung der zeitaufgelösten HREELS-Daten angewendet.In this study the adsorption kinetics of the stable radical TEMPO on the pristine and on water functionalized Si(001) surface was examined using HREELS, STM and LEED under controlled UHV conditions. On clean Si(001), TEMPO adsorbs only at 11% of the surface Si atoms forming an unordered adlayer at 300K, but effectively protects the whole surface from further reaction. On the water adsorbed (H,OH)/Si(001) surface, TEMPO passivates the naturally remaining 4% of unreacted Si surface atoms (dangling bonds) leaving the SiH and SiOH moieties untethered at 300K. By carrying out time-, temperature-, and angle- resolved HREELS series, different adsorption mechanisms and successively formed layers of TEMPO on both surfaces for 105K<T<300K were distinguished. A novel approach for the analysis of dynamic HREELS data based on inelastic impact scattering intensities is introduced and utilized in the scope of this work

Die bergmaennische Herstellung kammerartiger Grossraeume im Salinar Abschlussbericht

SIGLETIB Hannover: FR2883 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

Interactions of lysozyme in concentrated electrolyte solutions from dynamic light-scattering measurements.

The diffusion of hen egg-white lysozyme has been studied by dynamic light scattering in aqueous solutions of ammonium sulfate as a function of protein concentration to 30 g/liter. Experiments were conducted under the following conditions: pH 4-7 and ionic strength 0.05-5.0 M. Diffusivity data for ionic strengths up to 0.5 M were interpreted in the context of a two-body interaction model for monomers. From this analysis, two potential-of-mean-force parameters, the effective monomer charge, and the Hamaker constant were obtained. At higher ionic strength, the data were analyzed using a model that describes the diffusion coefficient of a polydisperse system of interacting protein aggregates in terms of an isodesmic, indefinite aggregation equilibrium constant. Data analysis incorporated multicomponent virial and hydrodynamic effects. The resulting equilibrium constants indicate that lysozyme does not aggregate significantly as ionic strength increases, even at salt concentrations near the point of salting-out precipitation

The Transferable Resistome of Produce

Produce is one of the most popular food commodities. Unfortunately, leafy greens can be a reservoir of transferable antibiotic resistance genes. We found that IncF and IncI plasmids were the most prevalent plasmid types in E. coli isolates from produce. This study highlights the importance of the rare microbiome associated with produce as a source of antibiotic resistance genes that might escape cultivation-independent detection, yet may be transferred to human pathogens or commensals.Produce is increasingly recognized as a reservoir of human pathogens and transferable antibiotic resistance genes. This study aimed to explore methods to characterize the transferable resistome of bacteria associated with produce. Mixed salad, arugula, and cilantro purchased from supermarkets in Germany were analyzed by means of cultivation- and DNA-based methods. Before and after a nonselective enrichment step, tetracycline (TET)-resistant Escherichia coli were isolated and plasmids conferring TET resistance were captured by exogenous plasmid isolation. TET-resistant E. coli isolates, transconjugants, and total community DNA (TC-DNA) from the microbial fraction detached from leaves or after enrichment were analyzed for the presence of resistance genes, class 1 integrons, and various plasmids by real-time PCR and PCR-Southern blot hybridization. Real-time PCR primers were developed for IncI and IncF plasmids. TET-resistant E. coli isolated from arugula and cilantro carried IncF, IncI1, IncN, IncHI1, IncU, and IncX1 plasmids. Three isolates from cilantro were positive for IncN plasmids and blaCTX-M-1. From mixed salad and cilantro, IncF, IncI1, and IncP-1β plasmids were captured exogenously. Importantly, whereas direct detection of IncI and IncF plasmids in TC-DNA failed, these plasmids became detectable in DNA extracted from enrichment cultures. This confirms that cultivation-independent DNA-based methods are not always sufficiently sensitive to detect the transferable resistome in the rare microbiome. In summary, this study showed that an impressive diversity of self-transmissible multiple resistance plasmids was detected in bacteria associated with produce that is consumed raw, and exogenous capturing into E. coli suggests that they could transfer to gut bacteria as well