An Intercultural Comparison of Instrumental and Terminal Value Preferences of American and Chinese Students

Robert Oliver has said, Mankind is separated less by language barriers (grievous though they are) than it is by cultural differences. One effect of this separation can be denial of the rich experiences available through expansion of cultural perspectives. More serious effects in a thermo-nuclear world can be repeated conflict, war, even annihilation. Hence, it is in the interest of all to find a way to co-exist. The means for doing this begins with understanding the cultures of others through communication. The first step in intercultural communication is acceptance of the worth of other systems. There are barriers, however, to this action. One such barrier is a tendency to evaluate other cultures by one\u27s own set of beliefs, attitudes and values. This study was an attempt to reduce the impact of this barrier by identifying and comparing value preferences in an intercultural setting. The Modified Rokeach Value Preference Survey (VPS) was administered to 72 American university students and to 62 Chinese (Taiwan) students studying in midwestern American universities. The data were then tabulated and rank orders compiled for each part of the VPS, instrumental values and terminal values. Comparative rankings were prepared for Americans vs Chinese students as ethnic groups, for American vs. Chinese males, and for American vs Chinese females. The composite data were then statistically analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U Test of the Statistical Program in Social Sciences (SPSS). Significant differences were measured for each of the thirty-six values with p\u3c.05 established as a requirement for significance. The null hypothesis, that there would be no significant difference between value rankings of American and Chinese students, was rejected on the basis of significance found for twenty-one of thirty-six values. The null hypothesis, that there would be no significant difference between value rankings of American and Chinese male students, was rejected on the basis of significance found for fourteen of the thirty-six values. The null hypothesis, that there would be no significant difference between the value rankings of American and Chinese female students, was rejected on the basis of significance found for nineteen of the thirty-six values. It is concluded that there are considerable differences in basic value orientations between this population of American and Chinese students and that these differences are apparently a result of ethnic culture

A Cytogenetic Study of XX/XY Chimerism and Other Anomalies of Bos taurus in a Sampled Dairy Herd

The establishment of normal chromosomal patterns for a wide range of plants and animals has led to the recognition of abnormalities as well as their relationship to phenotypic irregularities. Research dealing with the expression of human karyotype is of prime interest; but, closely rivaling that is the genetic study of domestic animals which are of economic importance to man. One observed anomaly which has come under scrutiny by cytogeneticists is that of the female member of a heterogeneous bovine twin pair, the freemartin. This is a sterile animal with internal morphology showing varying degrees of intersex. Cytogenetic studies reveal XX/XY chimerism in blood and various other tissues due to interuterine vascular anastomosis. This study resulted in collection of the information regarding this anomaly into a relevant body of reference. Observing stained metaphase chromosomes from leukocyte cultures, experimental data were established for 109 bovine individuals, sampling the University of Illinois Dairy Research herd, the sires, and offspring. Differences were demonstrated by photomicrographs. Eight animals (7.3%) were found to carry XX/XY chimerism, only one of which was a member of a known multiple birth. The early death rate among these individuals is twice that of an average herd in Illinois. No relationship between a specific breed and appearance of this anomaly was seen. As karyotype determinations were made, they were surveyed for other aberrations and counted to detect any variance from the normal diploid number, 2N = 60. Tetraploid-diploid mosiacism was seen in 5.5% of the animals in this study. No pathology was seen in connection with this condition. Three female animals (2.8%) carried trisomy XXX in mosiac condition with normal XX cells. Two cases (1.8%) of autosomal aneuploidy were seen, both dying of pneumonia at an early age. A Robertsonian translocation involving a centric fusion of chromosomes 1 and 29 was seen in one individual. These anomalies were demonstrated by photomicrographs

Preparing frying chickens for locker storage

Cover title

The Iowa Homemaker vol.4, no.8

Table of Contents Put the Home Into Homemaking by Ruth M. Lindquist, page 3 The Thanksgiving Table by Elizabeth Peterson, page 4 Sunshine for Babies by Edna Armstrong, page 5 Conference of Extension Specialists by Viola Jammer, page 5 Something Old for Which to Be Thankful by Marian Bigelow, page 6 A Course for Homemakers by Pearl Harris, page 6 Only 39 More Days Until Christmas by Rhea Ferne Schultz, page 7 The Evolution of Home Economics by Ruth Elaine WIlson, page 8 College Girls Earn Their Way in the Rockies by Marvel Secor, page 8 News From the State Association by Margaret M. Baker, page 9 Campus News, page 10 Who’s There and Where, page 11 Editorial, page 12 The Eternal Question, page 13 Homemaker as Citizen, page 14 The Possibilities of Batik, page 1

Lipoteichoic acid-antilipoteichoic acid complexes induce superoxide generation by human neutrophils

Human neutrophils (PMNs) which have been incubated with lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from group A streptococci generated large amounts of Superoxide (O 2 − chemiluminescence and hydrogen peroxide when challenged with anti-LTA antibodies. Cytochalasin B further enhanced O 2 * generation. The onset of Of generation by the LTA-anti-LTA complexes was much faster than that induced by BSA-anti-BSA complexes. LTA-treated PMNs generated much less O 2 * when challenged with BSA complexes, suggesting that LTA might have blocked, nonspecifically, some of the Fc receptors on PMNs. PMNs treated with LTA-anti-LTA complexes further interacted with bystander nonsensitized PMNs resulting in enhanced Of generation, suggesting that small numbers of LTA-sensitized PMNs might recruit additional PMNs to participate in the generation of toxic oxygen species. Protelolytic enzyme treatment of PMNs further enhanced the generation of O 2 − by PMNs treated with LTA-anti-LTA. Superoxide generation could also be induced when PMNs and anti-LTA antibodies interacted with target cells (fibroblasts, epithelial cells) pretreated with LTA. This effect was also further enhanced by pretreatment of the target cells with proteases. PMNs incubated with LTA released lysosomal enzymes following treatment with anti-LTA antibodies. The amounts of phosphatase, Β -glucoronidase, N -acetylglucosaminidase, mannosidase, and lysozyme release by LTA-anti-LTA complexes were much smaller than those released by antibody or histone-opsonized streptococci, suggesting that opsonized particles are more efficient lysosomal enzyme releasers. However, since the amounts of O 2 − generated by the LTA complexes equaled those generated by the opsonized particles, it is assumed that the signals for triggering a respiratory burst and lysosomal enzyme secretion might be different.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/44498/1/10753_2004_Article_BF00914316.pd

Cationic polyelectrolytes: A new look at their possible roles as opsonins, as stimulators of respiratory burst in leukocytes, in bacteriolysis, and as modulators of immune-complex diseases (A review hypothesis)

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/44497/1/10753_2004_Article_BF00915991.pd

Letter from M. Ferne Chilson to Senator Langer Urging Restudy of Garrison Dam Location, May 1, 1947

In this letter dated May 1, 1947, M. Ferne (Mrs. C. J.) Chilson, of Deering, North Dakota, urges United States Senator William Langer to use his influence to have the Garrison Dam Project opened for restudy and to then try to get the site of the dam located where the Indians wish instead of instead of forcing them out of their homes once more and breaking a treaty with them. See also: Letter from Senator Langer to M. Ferne Chilson Regarding Garrison Dam Project, May 13, 1947https://commons.und.edu/langer-papers/1430/thumbnail.jp

A Cytogenetic Study of XX/XY Chimerism and Other Anomalies of Bos taurus in a Sampled Dairy Herd

The establishment of normal chromosomal patterns for a wide range of plants and animals has led to the recognition of abnormalities as well as their relationship to phenotypic irregularities. Research dealing with the expression of human karyotype is of prime interest; but, closely rivaling that is the genetic study of domestic animals which are of economic importance to man. One observed anomaly which has come under scrutiny by cytogeneticists is that of the female member of a heterogeneous bovine twin pair, the freemartin. This is a sterile animal with internal morphology showing varying degrees of intersex. Cytogenetic studies reveal XX/XY chimerism in blood and various other tissues due to interuterine vascular anastomosis. This study resulted in collection of the information regarding this anomaly into a relevant body of reference. Observing stained metaphase chromosomes from leukocyte cultures, experimental data were established for 109 bovine individuals, sampling the University of Illinois Dairy Research herd, the sires, and offspring. Differences were demonstrated by photomicrographs. Eight animals (7.3%) were found to carry XX/XY chimerism, only one of which was a member of a known multiple birth. The early death rate among these individuals is twice that of an average herd in Illinois. No relationship between a specific breed and appearance of this anomaly was seen. As karyotype determinations were made, they were surveyed for other aberrations and counted to detect any variance from the normal diploid number, 2N = 60. Tetraploid-diploid mosiacism was seen in 5.5% of the animals in this study. No pathology was seen in connection with this condition. Three female animals (2.8%) carried trisomy XXX in mosiac condition with normal XX cells. Two cases (1.8%) of autosomal aneuploidy were seen, both dying of pneumonia at an early age. A Robertsonian translocation involving a centric fusion of chromosomes 1 and 29 was seen in one individual. These anomalies were demonstrated by photomicrographs

An Intercultural Comparison of Instrumental and Terminal Value Preferences of American and Chinese Students

Robert Oliver has said, Mankind is separated less by language barriers (grievous though they are) than it is by cultural differences. One effect of this separation can be denial of the rich experiences available through expansion of cultural perspectives. More serious effects in a thermo-nuclear world can be repeated conflict, war, even annihilation. Hence, it is in the interest of all to find a way to co-exist. The means for doing this begins with understanding the cultures of others through communication. The first step in intercultural communication is acceptance of the worth of other systems. There are barriers, however, to this action. One such barrier is a tendency to evaluate other cultures by one\u27s own set of beliefs, attitudes and values. This study was an attempt to reduce the impact of this barrier by identifying and comparing value preferences in an intercultural setting. The Modified Rokeach Value Preference Survey (VPS) was administered to 72 American university students and to 62 Chinese (Taiwan) students studying in midwestern American universities. The data were then tabulated and rank orders compiled for each part of the VPS, instrumental values and terminal values. Comparative rankings were prepared for Americans vs Chinese students as ethnic groups, for American vs. Chinese males, and for American vs Chinese females. The composite data were then statistically analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U Test of the Statistical Program in Social Sciences (SPSS). Significant differences were measured for each of the thirty-six values with p\u3c.05 established as a requirement for significance. The null hypothesis, that there would be no significant difference between value rankings of American and Chinese students, was rejected on the basis of significance found for twenty-one of thirty-six values. The null hypothesis, that there would be no significant difference between value rankings of American and Chinese male students, was rejected on the basis of significance found for fourteen of the thirty-six values. The null hypothesis, that there would be no significant difference between the value rankings of American and Chinese female students, was rejected on the basis of significance found for nineteen of the thirty-six values. It is concluded that there are considerable differences in basic value orientations between this population of American and Chinese students and that these differences are apparently a result of ethnic culture