Comparison of digestive enzyme activity in the stomach, pyloric caeca and intestine in diploid and triploid female of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

The effects of chromosome manipulation on the digestive enzyme activity in the rainbow trout were studied. The enzymes included Pepsin, Trypsin, Chymotrypsin, cileimylase, Lipase and Alkaline Phosphatase which were assessed in diploid and triploid female of rainbow trout. Pepsin activity in the stomach of the assessed fish showed no significant difference between the diploid and triploid fish (P>0.05). The measurement of Trypsin and Chymotrypsin activity in the intestine and pyloric caeca revealed no significant difference in the treated and untreated fish (P>0.05). The activity of a-Amylase, Lipase and Alkaline Phosphatase showed no significant difference in the intestine and pyloric caeca of the diploid and triploid fish (P>0.05).The results indicated that chromosome manipulation in rainbow trout had no effects on digestive enzyme activity

Retrospective evaluation of bone pain palliation after samarium-153-EDTMP therapy Avaliação retrospectiva do tratamento da dor óssea metastática com Samário-153-EDTMP

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of metastatic bone pain palliation and medullar toxicity associated with samarium-153-EDTMP treatment. METHODS: Seventy-three patients with metastatic bone pain having previously undergone therapy with samarium-153-EDTMP (1 mCi/kg) were retrospectively evaluated. Routine follow-up included pain evaluation and blood counts for 2 months after treatment. Pain was evaluated using a subjective scale (from 0 to 10) before and for 8 weeks after the treatment. Blood counts were obtained before treatment and once a week for 2 months during follow-up. Dosimetry, based upon the urinary excretion of the isotope, was estimated in 41 individuals, and the resulting radiation absorbed doses were correlated with hematological data. RESULTS: Reduction in pain scores of 75% to 100% was obtained in 36 patients (49%), with a decrease of 50% to 75%, 25% to 50%, and 0% to 25% in, respectively, 20 (27%), 10 (14%), and 7 (10%) patients. There was no significant relationship between the pain response and location of the primary tumor (breast or prostate cancer). Mild to moderate myelosuppression was noted in 75.3% of patients, usually with hematological recovery at 8 weeks. The mean bone marrow dose was 347 ± 65 cGy, and only a weak correlation was found between absorbed dose and myelosuppression (Pearson coefficient = .4). CONCLUSIONS: Samarium-153-EDTMP is a valuable method for metastatic bone pain palliation. A mild to moderate and transitory myelosuppression is the main toxicity observed after samarium therapy, showing a weak correlation with dosimetric measures.<br>OBJETIVO: O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito paliativo da dor e a toxicidade medular associados ao tratamento com Samário-153-EDTMP em pacientes com metástases ósseas. MÉTODOS: O estudo foi realizado de forma retrospectiva, a partir do levantamento de prontuário de 178 pacientes submetidos a tratamento com 1mCi/kg de 153Sm-EDTMP devido à dor por metástases ósseas. Os prontuários de 73 pacientes foram considerados adequados para análise dos parâmetros clínicos (intensidade da dor) e laboratoriais (hemograma). A intensidade da dor foi avaliada em escala de 0 a 10 pelo próprio paciente, antes e durante 8 semanas após o tratamento. Hemograma completo foi realizado antes do tratamento e a cada semana nas 8 semanas seguintes. Estudos de dosimetria foram realizados em 41 dos 73 pacientes, baseados na excreção urinária e retenção do radioisótopo, sendo a dose de radiação absorvida correlacionada à toxicidade medular. RESULTADOS: Redução importante na intensidade da dor (diminuição de 75 a 100% do basal) foi constatada em 36 pacientes (49%), com redução de 50-75%, 25-50% e 0-25% em, respectivamente, 20 (27%), 10 (14%) e 7 (10%) casos. Não se observou variação significativa da resposta entre os pacientes com tumor primário de mama (n=29) ou de próstata (n=36). Toxicidade medular foi observada em 75,3% dos pacientes (71,2% com leucopenia e 53,4% com plaquetopenia), em geral de grau leve a moderado e com recuperação ao término da 8º semana. A dose média de medula foi de 347±65 cGy, havendo baixa correlação entre a dosimetria medular e a queda da contagem de leucócitos (coeficiente de correlação linear de 0,40) ou de plaquetas (coeficiente de correlação linear = 0,48). CONCLUSÕES: O tratamento com Samário-153-EDTMP permitiu um adequado controle da dor por metástases ósseas, com significativa redução na intensidade da dor. A toxicidade medular transitória foi a principal reação adversa observada, em geral de grau leve a moderado, apresentando baixa correlação com as medidas dosimétricas

Palliation of Metastatic Bone Pain with Radiolabeled Phosphonates

This chapter reviews the role of various radiolabeled phosphonates in the palliation of bone pain from osteoblastic metastatic and primary bone disease. Various radiophosphonates are available for this purpose. These include Samarium-153 ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonate (Samarium-153 EDTMP), Rhenium-188 hydroxyethylidenediphosphonate (Rhenium-188 HEDP), and Lutetium-177 ethylenediaminetetramethylene phosphonic acid (Lutetium-177 EDTMP). They generally have comparatively short physical half-lives and high dose rates and can be administered as either monotherapy or fractionated therapy with low toxicity. They also can be imaged to both assess efficacy and conduct dosimetry studies. One agent that has been studied extensively and approved for bone palliation in a variety of cancers, including prostrate, breast, lung, and other primary cancers, is Samarium-153 EDTMP. It has been shown to be effective with single-dose treatment in 65–85% of patients, with pain relief seen within 4–6 weeks of treatment. Initial positive responses have been sustainable over longer periods, with significant reduction in opioid and other analgesic needs, overall improvement in quality of life, and survival benefits with minimal short- and long-term adverse events. Additionally, more recent studies have demonstrated that it can be safe to combine Samarium-153 EDTMP with chemotherapy, external beam radiation therapy, and nonradioactive bisphosphonates, to palliate metastatic bone pain and provide an antitumor strategy especially for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. More recently, studies have shown that Rhenium-188 HEDP holds promise because it appears to be effective in rapidly relieving pain and improving overall survival in patients with prostate cancer when given as repeated therapy, it is readily available from a generator, and it is cost-effective