Behavioral Impact of the Regulation of the Brain 2-Oxoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complex by Synthetic Phosphonate Analog of 2-Oxoglutarate: Implications into the Role of the Complex in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Decreased activity of the mitochondrial 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDHC) in brain accompanies neurodegenerative diseases. To reveal molecular mechanisms of this association, we treated rats with a specific inhibitor of OGDHC, succinyl phosphonate, or exposed them to hypoxic stress. In males treated with succinyl phosphonate and in pregnancy-sensitized females experiencing acute hypobaric hypoxia, we revealed upregulation of brain OGDHC (within 24 hours), with the activity increase presumably representing the compensatory response of brain to the OGDHC inhibition. This up-regulation of brain OGDHC was accompanied by an increase in exploratory activity and a decrease in anxiety of the experimental animals. Remarkably, the hypoxia-induced elevation of brain OGDHC and most of the associated behavioral changes were abrogated by succinyl phosphonate. The antagonistic action of hypoxia and succinyl phosphonate demonstrates potential therapeutic significance of the OGDHC regulation by the phosphonate analogs of 2-oxoglutarate

Исправления и дополнения к статье «Поправка к периоду решения уравнения, моделирующего динамику мембранного потенциала

In this paper we present a corrected version of the theorem from the article "A Correction For Period Of Oscillation In The Model Of Spiking Neuron", in which a new first-order estimation for the oscillation period in the difference-differential model of the spiking neuron was obtained.Представлен исправленный вариант формулировки и доказательства теоремы из статьи «Поправка к периоду решения уравнения, моделирующего динамику мембранного потенциала нейрона», в которой была получена оценка первого порядка точности для периода решения уравнения с запаздыванием, моделирующего биологический нейрон

Опыт создания личного кабинета студента – личной электронной библиотеки в РГАУ-МСХА им. К. А. Тимирязева

The article is devoted to the currently topical topic of using the electronic library system by means of creating a student's personal account – a personal electronic library. The problem of using information technologies to provide students with high-quality educational information is currently coming to the fore due to the emergence of a large flow of information and the lack of criteria for its selection among students. The purpose of the publication is to acquaint readers with the results of work on the development of a personal electronic library of a university student, to provide students with educational materials in full, as well as with the results of a study of the effectiveness of using a personal account in the process of teaching students. To achieve this goal, the authors carried out experimental work, consisting of three modules: basic, theoretical and intellectual, as well as experimental work to establish the influence of the developed personal electronic library on the level of educational motivation of students, as well as its relationship with academic performance. The results of the study show that the use of a personal electronic library increases the educational motivation of students to study the subject, and also positively affects the academic performance of students, improving the quality of education. The practical significance of the work lies in the creation of a student's personal electronic library based on the electronic library system of the RSAU-Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazeva, which can be used in teaching university students.Статья посвящена использованию электронно-библиотечной системы с помощью личного кабинета студента – личной электронной библиотеки. В связи с появлением большого потока информации и отсутствием у студентов критериев её отбора проблема использования информационных технологий для обеспечения обучающихся качественной учебной информацией выходит на первый план. Статья знакоимт с результатами разработки личной электронной библиотеки, обеспечивающей студентов учебным материалом в полном объёме, а также с исследованием эффективности использования личного кабинета в процессе обучения. Авторы провели экспериментальную работу, состоящую из трёх модулей: базового, теоретического и интеллектуального, а также установили влияние личной электронной библиотеки на уровень учебной мотивации студентов и успеваемости. Результаты исследования показали, что личная электронная библиотека повышает учебную мотивацию студентов, положительно влияет на их успеваемость, повышая качество образования. Практическая значимость работы заключается в создании личной электронной библиотеки студента на базе электронно-библиотечной системы РГАУ-МСХА им. К. А. Тимирязева. Библиотека студента может использоваться при обучении студентов вуза

Cryopreservation of raspberry cultivar accessions bred in Russia from the VIR <i>in vitro</i> collection

Cryobanks use plant cryocollections for long-term preservation of crops which cannot be preserved in seed collections. These are vegetatively propagated crops, accessions of species which form either a small amount of seeds, or recalcitrant seeds. Shoot tips (apexes) of in vitro plants are used for cryopreservation for most berry crops, therefore maintenance of in vitro collections is very important. The VIR in vitro collection includes 150 accessions of Rubus L. species, 85 of them are raspberry cultivars, 59 of which were bred in Russia. These cultivars reflect a wide ecogeographic diversity. Among them, there are raspberry cultivars created at the end of the 19th – first half of the 20th centuries, including cultivars bred by I.V. Michurin and by the pioneer of northern horticulture V.V. Spirin. More than half of national raspberry varieties (33) are listed in the State Register for Selection Achievements Admitted for Usage. Raspberry cultivars from Russian breeding programs have a very limited representation in foreign genebanks. The first aim of the present work was cryopreservation of mostly folk and old Russian raspberry cultivars received by VIR from 1925 till 1950 and their transfer into the cryobank. The second aim of the work was to monitor post-cryogenic regeneration of raspberry cultivars transferred to the cryobank earlier. A modified protocol of the droplet vitrification method by “DV-biotech” was used for cryopreservation of shoot tips of in vitro plants of 10 raspberry cultivars (7 of which are folk and old Russian ones) from the VIR in vitro collection. Post-cryogenic regeneration was evaluated for 17 raspberry cultivars preserved in the cryobank from one to five years. Ten raspberry cultivars (900 apexes) with an average mean post-cryoregenic regeneration value of 38.2±3.0% determined in control tests, were placed in the cryobank for long-term storage. A statistically significant effect of the genotype on the viability of explants after cryopreservation was noted, while the post-cryogenic regeneration was genotype insensitive. Additionally, levels of post-cryogenic regeneration were evaluated for 17 raspberry cultivars (296 apexes) preserved in the cryobank from one to five years. Post-cryogenic regeneration within the 20-70% range was displayed by four raspberry cultivars preserved in the cryobank for one year, and for 8 cultivars conserved there from three to five years post-cryogenic regeneration was within the 10-50% range. According to the results of monitoring, regeneration displayed by 12 raspberry cultivars was within the 10-70% range, which can be considered as a reliable rate of apex preservation in liquid nitrogen vapors in the VIR cryobank. Monitoring of the post-cryogenic regeneration of the raspberry accessions preserved in the VIR cryobank and cryopreservation of new raspberry cultivars will be continued

Molecular markers in the genetic diversity studies of representatives of the genus <i>Rubus</i> L. and prospects of their application in breeding

According to estimates of various taxonomists, the genus Rubus L. (Rosaceae Juss.) consists of 12-16 subgenera comprising ~750 species. The two largest subgenera are Idaeobatus (Focke) Focke, which includes raspberries, and the type subgenus Rubus (=Eubatus Focke), which contains blackberry species. Representatives of the genus Rubus have high nutritional and economic values, as well as medicinal properties. Breeding programs are aimed at broadening genetic diversity and creating new varieties of raspberries and blackberries that are resistant to biotic and abiotic stressors and have high fruit quality. Modern breeding and genetic programs increasingly use the achievements of molecular genetics and genomics. This paper reviews the literature data on the application of molecular markers in fundamental and applied research aimed at studying the genetic diversity of cultivated and wild species of the genus Rubus. The review describes the main types of molecular markers (RFLP, RAPD, SCoT, SSR, ISSR, AFLP, SCAR, SSCP) and their application for studying the species of the genus Rubus. The results of the work on the use of DNA markers for solving different tasks are presented, including: studying the phylogenetic relationships of species, clarifying controversial issues of taxonomy, analyzing interspecific and intraspecific diversity, genotyping and pedigree analysis of raspberry and blackberry varieties, studying somaclonal variation and others. The most important applied result is the development of molecular genetic maps for raspberry and blackberry species, on which numerous genes and QTLs conferring various valuable traits have been mapped. At the same time, the number of markers that are promising for effective molecular screening is still insufficient

Features of the formation of communities of microorganisms adapting to the existing conditions in different types of agrophytocenoses

The article is devoted to studying the features of the formation of communities of microorganisms, adapting to the conditions of existence in various types of agrophytocenose

Reconstruction of epizootic outbreak provoked the largescale death of Rhinoceros auklet on the coast of the Japan Sea in the Southern part of Primorsky Krai (July, 2021)

Introduction. In July 2021, a mass mortality of seabirds of unclear etiology occurred on the coast of the Sea of Japan in the Khasansky district of Primorsky Krai. According to the Department for Protection of Wildlife and Specially Protected Natural Territories of Primorsky Krai, over a thousand dead birds were found on the coast. The main case occurred in the population of birds Rhinoceros auklets (Cerorhinca monocerata, Alcidae), also among the dead birds were found several dozens of gulls (Larus spp.) and terns (Sterna spp.), single individuals of other species. The peak of mortality in bird populations occurred on July 13–17, 2021. This territory is a recreational area, in the summer months a large number of people rest there. The current situation has caused increased attention of the entire scientific community, as well as organizations that protect the citizens health and the environment. The aim. To establish possible etiology of the epizootic outbreak and describe the cause of birds’ death.Materials and methods. Comprehensive examination using classical methods of virology, microbiology and toxicology, as well as the most modern research methods such as MALDI TOF-mass spectrometry and NGS.Conclusion. As a result of the studies, it was determined that the cause of birds’ death was infectious peritonitis with endogenous intoxication syndrome induced by a complex of pathogenic microorganisms, such as enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus pennery, Enterococcus faecalis and Wickerhamomyces anomalus, related to Candida pelliculosa

Импульсный нейрон и нейронный клеточный автомат асимптотически эквивалентны

In the article, it is established the asymptotic equivalence of dynamics of the neural networks consisting of the impulse neurons and the neural networks built of the neural cellular automata of different kinds (autogenerators and detectors). Such an equivalence takes place for appropriate parameters values and non-intersection of input impacts for each neuron. In the first chapter, we describe the model of impulse autogenerator neuron and two different models of impulse detector neuron. For these models, we prove statements about duration of the latent period for a neuron under impact. In the second chapter, we describe the model of a neural cellular automaton with autogenerator dynamics and a modification of this model with detector dynamics. For these models, we also prove statements about the latent period for a neural automaton under impact. In the third chapter, we prove some statements about asymptotic equivalence of the impulse neurons and neural cellular automata of different kinds.В работе установлена асимптотическая эквивалентность динамики нейронных сетей, состоящих из импульсных нейронов и нейронных клеточных автоматов различных типов (автогенераторов и детекторов) при соответствующем выборе их параметров и при условии неналожения входных воздействий на каждый нейрон. В первом разделе описаны модель импульсного нейрона-автогенератора и две различные модели импульсного нейрона-детектора. Для этих моделей доказываются утверждения относительно величины латентного периода нейрона при единичном внешнем воздействии. Во втором разделе описана модель нейронного клеточного автомата с автогенераторной динамикой и модификация этой модели, имеющая детекторную динамику. Для этих моделей также доказываются утверждения относительно латентного периода нейронного автомата, находящегося под внешним воздействием. В третьем разделе для импульсных нейронов и нейронных клеточных автоматов различных типов сформулированы и доказаны утверждения относительно условий их асимптотической эквивалентности