Evaluation Research and the Psychiatric Hospital: Blending Management and Inquiry in Clinical Sociology

This paper discusses the multiple roles sociologists play in conducting evaluation research in a large state psychiatric hospital. The key to understanding this form of clinical sociology is its blending of management and inquiry in a unique organizational context. The authors, sociologists who have both served as directors of the Buffalo Psychiatric Center\u27s program evaluation unit since its founding in 1979, present examples of the unit\u27s work, discussing the role sociologists play in the collection, analysis and reporting of data used by hospital administrators for strategic planning, continuous quality improvement programs, and the monitoring of patterns and trends for census management, workload and staffing projections. The conduct of program evaluation and applied research in mental health care has been influenced by public policy, budgetary constraints, changes in national standards used in accrediting psychiatric hospitals, and the introduction of personal computers into the workplace. Several suggestions for improving the training of sociologists interested in this form of clinical practice are offered

To Conserve and Protect: “Making Sense” of Conservation Officer uses of Emotional Labour

Given the unique role that conservation officer’s play in our society, it is critical that researchers better understand factors that may influence the activities and behaviours of the individuals tasked with dealing with complex emotions of others, ensuring the safety of Canada’s backcountry wilderness, all while maintaining a tough persona and enforcing the law (Moreto et al., 2015; Moreto, 2016). Hochschild’s (1983) concept of “emotional labour” is employed within this document to explore the extent to which conservation officers rely on their ability to deal with complicated emotions, within themselves and those of individuals they encounter. Due to the limited literature exploring the nexus between conservation officers and emotional labour, a grounded theoretical approach was selected to accommodate the emerging nature of these concepts. Identifying the driving factors in conservation officer behaviour provides avenues to better understand the feasibility, applicability, and likelihood of success when introducing policy aimed at improving officer mental health (Moreto et al., 2015). This study is based on twelve in-depth qualitative interviews and six commentated walks with members from provincial and private parks in British Columbia, Canada. Within it, I will explore how conservation officers engage in emotional labour, as well as its impact. The results reveal how managing emotions according to the organizationally mandated display rules can affect an officer’s well-being, and it highlights the need for future research to enable park enforcement organisations to deal more effectively with work-related stress."Thank you to the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada for awarding this research with the Joseph Bombardier Scholarship valued at $17,500 and the Mobilising Insights in National Defence scholarship for Indigenous students, also valued at$17,500."Master of Arts in Criminal Justic

The Derivation of Transfer Parameters in the Assessment of Radiological Impacts on Arctic Marine Biota

The initial stage of an environmental impact assessment requires quantification of radionuclide transfer in the study area. This paper evaluates the robustness of the concentration factor (CF) approach in assessing radiological impact on reference Arctic marine biota. By comparing region-specific data sets with recommended generic values for CFs, we tested the hypothesis that transfers to Arctic biota differ from transfers observed in temperate areas for 90Sr, 137Cs, 239, 240Pu and 99Tc. Despite the general paucity of data and great uncertainty regarding radionuclide CFs in reference biota, we conclude that the use of Arctic-specific CFs for Sr and Pu can be justified in some cases where differences from generic CFs seem apparent. Where CF data are absent, a biokinetic modelling approach with allometric considerations might be used to bridge data gaps. Such an approach has been used here to estimate the trophic transfer of 137Cs and 239Pu in a marine food chain consisting of four trophic levels. For the simulation concerning 137Cs, the preliminary results suggest that it takes more than five years to attain equilibrium for higher trophic levels (polar cod and harp seal). Biomagnification appears to occur at the lower trophic levels, but not at the highest (seal). For 239Pu, transfer to successively higher trophic levels is low: there is a fall of several orders of magnitude between primary producers, represented by phytoplankton, and polar cod, representing trophic levels 3 and 4. However, the model predicts that this decreasing trend in activity concentrations along the food chain is reversed for the highest trophic level, represented by seal. The simulated results for seal display equilibrium activity concentrations about two orders of magnitude higher than those observed for polar cod (one of its prey species). However, equilibrium (165 years) is not reached during the life span of a seal. The equilibrium 137Cs CFs are approximately 50 l/kg for zooplankton, 130l/kg for polar cod, and 70 l/kg for seal. The predicted equilibrium 239Pu CFs are 2.5·10³ l/kg for zooplankton and 25 l/kg for polar cod. For seal, following a one-year equilibration period, a CF of approximately 75 l/kg is predicted.Le stade initial d'une étude d'impact environnemental nécessite une évaluation quantitative du transfert de radionucléides dans la zone d'étude. Cet article évalue la robustesse de la méthode du facteur de concentration (FC) pour déterminer l'impact radiologique sur un biote marin arctique de référence. En comparant des ensembles de données spécifiques à une région avec des valeurs génériques recommandées pour les facteurs de concentration, on a testé l'hypothèse selon laquelle les transferts au biote arctique diffèrent des transferts observés dans des régions tempérées pour 90Sr, 137Cs, 239,240Pu et 99Tc. Malgré la pénurie générale de données et un haut niveau d'incertitude concernant les FC des radionucléides dans le biote de référence, on conclut que l'utilisation de FC spécifiques à l'Arctique pour Sr et Pu peut être justifiée dans certains cas où les différences d'avec les FC génériques semblent apparentes. Là où il n'existe pas de données sur les FC, on peut recourir à la modélisation biocinétique tenant compte des éléments allométriques afin de combler les lacunes dans les données. C'est cette approche que l'on a utilisée ici pour estimer le transfert trophique de 137Cs et de 239Pu dans une chaîne alimentaire marine comprenant quatre niveaux trophiques. Pour la simulation relative à 137Cs, les résultats préliminaires suggèrent qu'il faut plus de cinq ans pour atteindre l'équilibre aux niveaux trophiques supérieurs (morue polaire et phoque annelé). La bioamplification semble se produire aux niveaux trophiques inférieurs, mais pas au plus élevé (phoque). Pour 239Pu, le transfert aux niveaux trophiques supérieurs est faible: on constate une baisse de plusieurs ordres de grandeur entre les producteurs primaires, représentés par le phytoplancton, et la morue polaire, qui représente les niveaux trophiques 3 et 4. Le modèle prédit toutefois que cette tendance à la baisse dans l'activité volumique le long de la chaîne alimentaire s'inverse au niveau trophique le plus élevé, représenté par le phoque. Les résultats simulés pour le phoque affichent des activités volumiques à l'équilibre environ deux ordres de grandeur plus élevées que celles observées chez la morue polaire (l'une des espèces-proies du phoque). L'équilibre (165 ans) n'est cependant pas atteint durant la durée de vie du phoque. Les FC de 137Cs à l'équilibre sont environ de 50 l/kg pour le zooplancton, de 130 l/kg pour la morue polaire et de 70 l/kg pour le phoque. Les FC de 239Pu projetés à l'équilibre sont de 2,5·10³ l/kg pour le zooplancton et de 25 l/kg pour la morue polaire. Pour le phoque, après une période d'équilibre d'une année, on prédit un FC d'environ 75 l/kg

Costs Associated with Recurrent Epistaxis in a Patient with a Ventricular Assist Device

Mucosal bleeding is a well-known complication of having a ventricular assist device and commonly presents with epistaxis. Although the frequency of epistaxis as a complication in patients with a ventricular assist device has been documented in the literature, to our knowledge the cost of this complication has not been reported. This case report examines the financial burden of ventricular assist device-associated epistaxis in a single patient from September 2018 to December 2019 using ICD 10 diagnostic codes. The patient was found to have accumulated $138,020 in costs over 38 encounters. This case report not only highlights the recurrent nature and potential high cost of epistaxis in this patient population, but also identifies a target to reduce healthcare spending. Further research is needed to assess whether cheap and simple preventative measures such as nasal hygiene regimen can decrease the frequency and/or severity of epistaxis in the patients with a ventricular assist device