Mining social network data for personalisation and privacy concerns: A case study of Facebook’s Beacon

This is the post-print version of the final published paper that is available from the link below.The popular success of online social networking sites (SNS) such as Facebook is a hugely tempting resource of data mining for businesses engaged in personalised marketing. The use of personal information, willingly shared between online friends' networks intuitively appears to be a natural extension of current advertising strategies such as word-of-mouth and viral marketing. However, the use of SNS data for personalised marketing has provoked outrage amongst SNS users and radically highlighted the issue of privacy concern. This paper inverts the traditional approach to personalisation by conceptualising the limits of data mining in social networks using privacy concern as the guide. A qualitative investigation of 95 blogs containing 568 comments was collected during the failed launch of Beacon, a third party marketing initiative by Facebook. Thematic analysis resulted in the development of taxonomy of privacy concerns which offers a concrete means for online businesses to better understand SNS business landscape - especially with regard to the limits of the use and acceptance of personalised marketing in social networks

Biotechnological applications of functional metagenomics in the food and pharmaceutical industries

peer-reviewedMicroorganisms are found throughout nature, thriving in a vast range of environmental conditions. The majority of them are unculturable or difficult to culture by traditional methods. Metagenomics enables the study of all microorganisms, regardless of whether they can be cultured or not, through the analysis of genomic data obtained directly from an environmental sample, providing knowledge of the species present, and allowing the extraction of information regarding the functionality of microbial communities in their natural habitat. Function-based screenings, following the cloning and expression of metagenomic DNA in a heterologous host, can be applied to the discovery of novel proteins of industrial interest encoded by the genes of previously inaccessible microorganisms. Functional metagenomics has considerable potential in the food and pharmaceutical industries, where it can, for instance, aid (i) the identification of enzymes with desirable technological properties, capable of catalyzing novel reactions or replacing existing chemically synthesized catalysts which may be difficult or expensive to produce, and able to work under a wide range of environmental conditions encountered in food and pharmaceutical processing cycles including extreme conditions of temperature, pH, osmolarity, etc; (ii) the discovery of novel bioactives including antimicrobials active against microorganisms of concern both in food and medical settings; (iii) the investigation of industrial and societal issues such as antibiotic resistance development. This review article summarizes the state-of-the-art functional metagenomic methods available and discusses the potential of functional metagenomic approaches to mine as yet unexplored environments to discover novel genes with biotechnological application in the food and pharmaceutical industries.Science Foundation Ireland(SFI)Grant Number 13/SIRG/215

The (Im)Partial Jury: A Trial Consultant’s Role in the Venire Process

Over the last four decades, trial consultants have become integral members of the venire process. Before the trial consulting field emerged, attorney-conducted voir dire focused too heavily on an attorney’s gut instincts and subconscious biases. This note highlights two concerns arising from attorney-conducted voir dire. First, in Batson v. Kentucky and its progeny, the Supreme Court addressed the unconstitutionality of a system that permits attorneys to strike jurors based on unfounded prejudices. Although Batson and its progeny prohibit lawyers from exercising discriminatory challenges against prospective jurors, this practice can easily go undetected. Second, as illustrated in Peña-Rodriguez v. Colorado, the effectiveness of attorney-conducted voir dire must be questioned when overtly biased jurors are still being selected to sit on the jury, even after being questioned by the lawyers. This note proposes that courts delegate jury selection, in its entirety, to a trial consultant. This would eliminate a fundamental problem with the current system: a defendant has a Sixth Amendment right to an impartial jury, yet the venire process exists in an adversarial context. As it currently stands, however, the field’s lack of regulations raises serious concerns. This note also proposes that states implement a licensing body to protect the credibility of the trial consultant field and protect the public from retaining incompetent services. State regulated trainings would ensure that consultants base their analyses on scientific data, rather than speculative stereotypes. These trainings would also offer a stronger guarantee that the consultants have the tools to efficiently elicit a prospective juror’s biases

Disturbed But Not Destroyed: New Perspectives on Urban Archaeology and Class in 19th century Lowell, Massachusetts

Through the artifacts from the Jackson Appleton Middlesex Urban Revitalization and Devolvement Project (hereafter JAM) located in Lowell, MA, this research explores social class in nineteenth-century boardinghouses. This thesis is a two-part study. First, through statistical analysis, research recovers interpretable data from urban archaeological contexts subject to disturbance. Pinpointing intra-site similarities between artifacts recovered from intact and disturbed contexts, data show that artifacts recovered from disturbed and intact contexts in urban environments are not as dissimilar as previously believed. In the second phase using both intact and disturbed JAM contexts, the analysis of four boardinghouse features highlights two distinct patterns of ceramic assemblages suggesting 1) that the JAM site includes artifacts associated with Lowell\u27s early boardinghouse period (1820-1860) in contrast to other late nineteenth century collections from Lowell like the Boott Mills and 2) that material goods amongst upper class mangers versus working class operative were more similar at Lowell\u27s outset. Synthesizing this data with previous archaeology in Lowell, this research shows that over the course of the nineteenth century changes in the practice of corporate paternalism can be seen in the ceramic record. Furthermore, the data suggest that participation in the planned industrial project was a binding element of community interactions, blurring the lines of social class for Lowell\u27s inhabitants in the early years of the Lowell experiment

Youth mental health in Ireland: a lot done, more to do?

The emergence of a new youth mental health paradigm has challenged how we think about the provision of mental health care for adolescents and young adults. This editorial tracks the origins of this new paradigm within the field of mental health both internationally and in Ireland

MEM and CLEAN Imaging of VLBA Polarisation Observations of Compact Active Galactic Nuclei

The Maximum Entropy Method (MEM) for the deconvolution of radio interferometry images is mathematically well based and presents a number of advantages over the usual CLEAN deconvolution, such as appreciably higher resolution. The application of MEM for polarisation imaging remains relatively little studied. CLEAN and MEM intensity and polarisation techniques are discussed in application to recently obtained 18cm VLBA polarisation data for a sample of Active Galactic Nuclei.Comment: From the proceedings of Beamed and Unbeamed Gamma-Rays from Galaxies, April 11-15, 2011, Muonio, Finland. 6 pages, 3 figure

Prediction of 24-hour milk yield and composition in dairy cows from a single part-day yield and sample

peer-reviewedTeagasc PublicationIrish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research | Volume 58: Issue 1 Prediction of 24-hour milk yield and composition in dairy cows from a single part-day yield and sample S. McParlandemail , B. Coughlan , B. Enright , M. O’Keeffe , R. O’Connor , L. Feeney and D.P. Berry DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ijafr-2019-0007 | Published online: 09 Aug 2019 PDF Abstract Article PDF References Recommendations Abstract The objective was to evaluate the accuracy of predicting 24-hour milk yield and composition from a single morning (AM) or evening (PM) milk weight and composition. A calibration dataset of 37,481 test-day records with both AM and PM yields and composition was used to generate the prediction equations; equations were validated using 4,644 test-day records. Prediction models were developed within stage of lactation and parity while accounting for the inter-milking time interval. The mean correlation between the predicted 24-hour yields and composition of milk, fat and protein and the respective actual values was 0.97 when based on just an AM milk yield and composition with a mean correlation of 0.95 when based on just a PM milk yield and composition. The regression of predicted 24-hour yield and composition on the respective actual values varied from 0.97 to 1.01 with the exception of 24-hour fat percentage predicted from a PM sample (1.06). A single AM sample is useful to predict 24-hour milk yield and composition when the milking interval is known

Living with the user: Design drama for dementia care through responsive scripted experiences in the home

Participation in forms of drama and narrative can provoke empathy and creativity in user-centred design processes. In this paper, we expand upon existing methods to explore the potential for responsive scripted experiences that are delivered through the combination of sensors and output devices placed in a home. The approach is being developed in the context of Dementia care, where the capacity for rich user participation in design activities is limited. In this case, a system can act as a proxy for a person with Dementia, allowing designers to gain experiences and insight as to what it is like to provide care for, and live with, this person. We describe the rationale behind the approach, a prototype system architecture, and our current work to explore the creation of scripted experiences for design, played out though UbiComp technologies.This research is funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council UK, (AH/K00266X/1) and Horizon Digital Economy Research (RCUK grant EP/G065802/1)

Using cultural probes to inform the design of assistive technologies

This paper discusses the practical implications of applying cultural probes to drive the design of assistive technologies. Specifically we describe a study in which a probe was deployed with home-based carers of people with dementia in order to capture critical data and gain insights of integrating the technologies into this sensitive and socially complex design space. To represent and utilise the insights gained from the cultural probes, we created narratives based on the probe data to enhance the design of assistive technologies.This work was supported by the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AH/K00266X/1) and RCUK through the Horizon Digital Economy Research grant (EP/G065802/1)