Homochiral oxazolidin-2-ones and imidazolidin-2-ones by tandem nucleophilic addition-conjugate addition

Treatment of both primary alcohols 1a,b and secondary amines 1c,d, tethered to a Michael acceptor with (R)-phenylethyl isocyanate in the presence of DBU gave in good yield and high stereoselection diastereomeric mixtures of oxazolidin-2-ones 2a,b and 3a.b and imidazolidin-2-ones 2c,d and 3c,d, respectively. The cyclisation reaction Was Studied computationally by ab initio quantum mechanical methods. The observed stereoselectivity was explained on the basis of the different stability of both anions and transition states leading to 2a and 3a, respectively. The usefulness of the method was proven by conversion of 2a into the enantiomerically Pure bioactive amino acid

The Italian Electronic Identity Card: a short introduction

The italian Electronic Identity Card (EIC, for short) is a polycarbonate smart card equipped with a microchip (supporting cryptographic functions) and a laser band (featuring an embedded hologram). It contains personal (e.g. name, surname, date of birth,...) and biometric data (photo and fingerprint) of a citizen

The Italian electronic identity card: Overall architecture and IT infrastructure

In this paper we describe the overall process of deployment of the Italian Electronic Identity Card: the way it is issued, services it is used for, organizations involved in the process, and the Information Technology (IT) infrastructure enabling the effective management of the whole process while ensuring the mandatory security functions. Organizational complexity lies in the distribution of responsibilities for the management of Personal Data Registries (on which identity of people is based) which is an institutional duty of the more than 9000 Italian municipalities, and the need of keeping a centralized control on all processes dealing with identity of people as prescribed by laws and for national security and police purposes. Technical complexity stems from the need of efficiently supporting this distribution of responsibilities while ensuring. at the same time. interoperability of IT-based systems independent of technical choices of the organizations involved, and fulfilment of privacy constraints. The IT architecture defined for this purpose features a clear separation between security services, provided at an infrastructure level, and application services, exposed oil the Internet as Web Services. This approach has allowed to easily design and implement secure interoperability, since - notwithstanding the huge variety of IT solutions deployed all over the Italian Municipalities to manage Personal Data Registries - existing application services have not required major changes to be able to interoperate

The Italian electronic identity card: Overall architecture and IT infrastructure

In this paper we describe the overall process of deployment of the Italian Electronic Identity Card: the way it is issued, services it is used for, organizations involved in the process, and the Information Technology (IT) infrastructure enabling the effective management of the whole process while ensuring the mandatory security functions. Organizational complexity lies in the distribution of responsibilities for the management of Personal Data Registries (on which identity of people is based) which is an institutional duty of the more than 9000 Italian municipalities, and the need of keeping a centralized control on all processes dealing with identity of people as prescribed by laws and for national security and police purposes. Technical complexity stems from the need of efficiently supporting this distribution of responsibilities while ensuring. at the same time. interoperability of IT-based systems independent of technical choices of the organizations involved, and fulfilment of privacy constraints. The IT architecture defined for this purpose features a clear separation between security services, provided at an infrastructure level, and application services, exposed oil the Internet as Web Services. This approach has allowed to easily design and implement secure interoperability, since - notwithstanding the huge variety of IT solutions deployed all over the Italian Municipalities to manage Personal Data Registries - existing application services have not required major changes to be able to interoperate

Assessing Compliance of Open Data in Politics with European Data Protection Regulation

This chapter analyses the compliance of some category of Open Data in Politics with EU GDPR requirements. After clarifying the legal basis of this framework, with specific attention to the processing procedures that conform to the legitimate interests pursued by the data controller, including open data licenses or anonymization techniques, that can result in partial application of the GDPR, but there is no generic guarantee, and, as a consequence, an appropriate process of analysis and management of risks is required