Linking South American dry regions by the Gran Chaco:Insights from the evolutionary history and ecologicaldiversification of Gomphrena s.str. (Gomphrenoideae, Amaranthaceae)

Journal of Systematics and Evolution - Best quartile Q1Fil: Bena, María J. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva. Biología Floral; Argentina.Fil: Bena, María J. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion; Argentina.Fil: Baranzelli, Matias C. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva. Biología Floral; Argentina.Fil: Baranzelli, Matias C. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Costas, Santiago M. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva. Biología Floral; Argentina.Fil: Costas, Santiago M. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Cosacov, Andrea. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva. Biología Floral; Argentina.Fil: Cosacov, Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Acosta, María C. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva. Biología Floral; Argentina.Fil: Acosta, María C. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Moreira‐Muñoz, Andrés. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso. Instituto de Geografía; Chile.Fil: Sérsic, Alicia N. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva. Biología Floral; Argentina.Fil: Sérsic, Alicia N. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Abstract: Geoclimatic events driving South American aridization have generated biota differentiation due to barriers and new environment formation. New environments allow species climatic niche evolution, or the geographical expansion of an existing one. Understanding the role these processes play may clarify the evolution of South American biota. Gomphrena L. ranges across almost all the continent's arid environments. We tested whether South American drylands are biogeographically connected through the Gran Chaco but, due to different aridity levels, lineage diversification could have also been associated with the evolution of climatic niches and morphological or physiological traits. With available data, we generated a dated phylogeny, estimated ancestral ranges, performed diversification analyses, reconstructed ancestral states of two characters, and examined if niches have changed between lineages. Results showed that Gomphrena diversified throughout the easternmost South American drylands ~15.4 Ma, and subsequently three independent clades colonized the western arid regions during the last Andean pulse, and after the marine transgressions (~4.8–0.4 Ma) via the Gran Chaco. The colonization implied an increase in the diversification rate of annuals over perennials and the progressive east–west differentiation of the occupied climatic niche. This diversification was influenced by C4 photosynthesis, which could have acted as a niche opener to conquer new environments after the Paranaean Sea withdrew. Spatiotemporal patterns found in Gomphrena suggest that geographical expansion and evolution of climatic niches played a common but decoupled role in promoting diversification. These results show that the Gran Chaco may have acted as a historical connection linking South American drylands.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionFil: Bena, María J. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva. Biología Floral; Argentina.Fil: Bena, María J. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion; Argentina.Fil: Baranzelli, Matias C. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva. Biología Floral; Argentina.Fil: Baranzelli, Matias C. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Costas, Santiago M. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva. Biología Floral; Argentina.Fil: Costas, Santiago M. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Cosacov, Andrea. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva. Biología Floral; Argentina.Fil: Cosacov, Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Acosta, María C. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva. Biología Floral; Argentina.Fil: Acosta, María C. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Moreira‐Muñoz, Andrés. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso. Instituto de Geografía; Chile.Fil: Sérsic, Alicia N. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva. Biología Floral; Argentina.Fil: Sérsic, Alicia N. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Mise à jour des recommandations du GEFPICS pour l’évaluation du statut HER2 dans les cancers du sein en France

En Europe, les patientes atteintes d’un cancer du sein invasif susceptibles de recevoir un traitement ciblé anti-HER2 sont actuellement sélectionnées sur la base d’un test immunohistochimique (IHC). Les techniques d’hybridation in situ (HIS) doivent être utilisées pour l’évaluation des cas IHC ambigus (2+) et pour l’étalonnage de la technique IHC. Les patientes éligibles au traitement ciblant HER2 présentent un statut HER2 positif défini par un test IHC 3+ ou un test 2+ amplifié. Une détection correcte du statut HER2 est indispensable à une utilisation optimale des thérapeutiques ciblées puisque leur efficacité est limitée aux patientes surexprimant HER2. Il est capital que l’évaluation du statut HER2 soit optimisée et fiable. Ces recommandations du groupe d’étude des facteurs pronostiques IHC dans le cancer du sein (GEFPICS) détaillent et commentent les différentes étapes des techniques IHC et HIS, les contrôles utilisables et les règles générales de l’apprentissage de la lecture. Une fois acquis, ce savoir-faire doit être pérennisé par l’observation de règles de bonnes pratiques techniques (utilisation rigoureuse de témoins internes et externes et participation régulière à des programmes d’Assurance qualité [AQ])., Summary In Europe, patients who may benefit from an HER2 targeted drug are currently selected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). In situ hybridization (ISH) techniques should be used for complementary assessment of ambiguous 2+ IHC cases and for the calibration of the IHC technique. Eligibility to an HER2 target treatment is defined by an HER2 positive status being IHC test 3+ or 2+ amplified. Reliable detection of HER2 status is essential to the appropriate usage of HER2 targeted drugs because its specificity is limited to tumors overexpressing HER2. It is essential that the IHC evaluation of the HER2 status of a mammary carcinoma is optimized and reliable. This GEFPICS’ guidelines look over the different steps of the IHC technique, the controls and, the rules for interpretation. Once acquired, this knowledge must be perpetuated by the observation of rules of good technical practice (internal and external controls, quality assurance programs)

Natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES): A strategy to improve the bioavailability of blueberry phenolic compounds in a ready-to-use extract.

This study investigated whether a ready-to-use extract obtained using a natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) affects the pharmacokinetic profile of blueberry phenolic compounds compared to organic solvent (SORG)-extracted compounds. SORG extract was administered as an aqueous solution after solvent removal. Wistar rats received a single dose of crude extract of blueberry obtained using NADES (CE-NADES) or SORG (CE-SORG), followed by LC-DAD-MS/MS analysis of blood and cecal feces. Non-compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that CE-NADES increased the bioavailability of anthocyanins by 140% compared to CE-SORG. CE-NADES increased the stability of phenolic compounds during in vitro digestion by delaying gastric chyme neutralization. These results suggest that besides being an eco-friendly solvent for the extraction of phytochemicals, choline chloride:glycerol:citric acid-based NADES can be used as a ready-to-use vehicle for increasing oral absorption of bioactive compounds such as anthocyanins

Combined treatment modality for intracranial germinomas: results of a multicentre SFOP experience

Conventional therapy for intracranial germinomas is craniospinal irradiation. In 1990, the Société Française d'Oncologie Pédiatrique initiated a study combining chemotherapy (alternating courses of etoposide–carboplatin and etoposide–ifosfamide for a recommended total of four courses) with 40 Gy local irradiation for patients with localized germinomas. Metastatic patients were allocated to receive low-dose craniospinal radiotherapy. Fifty-seven patients were enrolled between 1990 and 1996. Forty-seven had biopsy-proven germinoma. Biopsy was not performed in ten patients (four had diagnostic tumour markers and in six the neurosurgeon felt biopsy was contraindicated). Fifty-one patients had localized disease, and six leptomeningeal dissemination. Seven patients had bifocal tumour. All but one patient received at least four courses of chemotherapy. Toxicity was mainly haematological. Patients with diabetus insipidus (n = 25) commonly developed electrolyte disturbances during chemotherapy. No patient developed tumour progression during chemotherapy. Fifty patients received local radiotherapy with a median dose of 40 Gy to the initial tumour volume. Six metastatic patients, and one patient with localized disease who stopped chemotherapy due to severe toxicity, received craniospinal radiotherapy. The median follow-up for the group was 42 months. Four patients relapsed 9, 10, 38 and 57 months after diagnosis. Three achieved second complete remission following salvage treatment with chemotherapy alone or chemo-radiotherapy. The estimated 3-year survival probability is 98% (CI: 86.6–99.7%) and the estimated 3-year event-free survival is 96.4% (CI: 86.2–99.1%). This study shows that excellent survival rates can be achieved by combining chemotherapy and local radiotherapy in patients with non-metastatic intracranial germinomas. © 1999 Cancer Research Campaig

OPTIMAX 2017 : radiation dose, image quality optimisation,the use of new technology in medical imaging

This year OPTIMAX settled in Oslo. After the successof previous years, we are proud to present the fourthEbook. As in previous years, the group was madeup of PhD-, MSc- and BSc students as well astutors from the seven European partner universities.Professional mix was drawn from medical physics/physics and radiography. OPTIMAX 2017 was partlyfunded by the partner universities and partly by theparticipants. Two students from South Africa and twofrom Brazil were invited by Hanze UAS (Groningen)and ESTeSL (Lisbon) summer school includedlectures and group projects in which experimentalresearch was conducted in four teams. Four research projects were performed with a focuson radiation dose optimization and image quality,namely: Possible dose reduction for pediatric patientsfor conventional radiology; Can the tube voltage belowered with the use of direct-conversion flat paneldetector system?; Impact of body size and kV in chestradiography; Quantity assessment on Image quality ofCBCT images of head phantom with implants of metaland ceramic objects.The last day of OPTIMAX 2017there was a poster session and a conference, in whichthe research teams presented their posters and oralpresentations. This book comprises of two sections, the first twochapters concern generic background informationabout international teamwork during the OPTIMAXsummerschool. The next chapters with theory on which the researchprojects were built. The second section containsthe research papers of the four research projects.Two research papers, Can the tube voltage belowered with the use of direct-conversion flat-paneldetector system? And Impact of body size and kV inchest radiography: Experimental receiver operatingcharacteristic analysis using a Multipurpose ChestPhantom “Lungman” have been accepted for the ECRconference, Vienna, 2018 as oral presentations