Place, Space and Memory in the Old Jewish East End of London: an Archaeological Biography of Sandys Row Synagogue, Spitalfields and its Wider Context

Sandys Row (London E1) is the only functioning Ashkenazi (Eastern European Jewish) Synagogue in Spitalfields and the oldest still functioning Ashkenazi synagogue in London. Located in an area, which from the mid­late nineteenth century until WWII was the centre of London’s Jewish population, it is one of the last surviving witnesses to a once vibrant and dynamic heritage that has now virtually disappeared. This area has been the first port of call for refugees for centuries, starting with French Protestant Huguenots in the eighteenth century, then Jews fleeing economic hardship and pogroms in Eastern Europe in the nineteenth century followed by Bangladeshi Muslims in the twentieth century. Using a broadly archaeological analysis based very closely on the sort of practice widely used in church archaeology, the authors argue that much can be inferred about wider social and cultural patterns from a study of architectural space at Sandys Row and its associated material culture. This is the first such archaeological study undertaken of a synagogue in Britain and offers a new perspective on wider issues regarding the archaeological definition of religious practice and religious material culture

A Process Model for Reactive Ion Etching and Study of the Effects of Magnetron Enhancement

ABSTRACTMagnetron reactive ion etching has been receiving much attention since it offers low pressure, and low bias etching conditions with little damage. We have developed a process model for this process and present simulation results for boron trichloride etching of GaAs. The computed etch rates are uniform in the center with higher rates at the edges of the wafer. Flow rates and pressure can be optimized to improve uniformity. The etch rates with the aid of the magnetron are shown to be higher than the rates tor conventional reactive ion etching.</jats:p

Gas Turbine Main Shaft Internal Flow and Heat Transfer

A CFD analysis of the cooling flow through a gas turbine engine low pressure turbine shaft is presented. Three cases are considered in which throughflow and rotation rate are varied. The primary objective of the analysis was to derive improved heat transfer coefficient information, over those obtainable via semi-empirical means. The coefficients so obtained were then used in a one-dimensional, time-dependent analysis for use in predicting shaft wall temperature throughout a snap acceleration phase of the engine. A second objective was to obtain insight into the flow structure within the shaft with a view to possible design input in future engine programs. Results presented include detailed velocity vector plots at select locations, heat transfer coefficient distributions for each case and finally, for Case 2 predicted wall temperature vs. time is shown in conjunction with engine test data.</jats:p

Visual accuracy dominates over haptic speed for state estimation of a partner during collaborative sensorimotor interactions

This article was originally published in Journal of Neurophysiology. The version of record is available at: https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00053.2023. Copyright © 2023 the American Physiological Society. This article will be embargoed until July 1, 2024.We routinely have physical interactions with others, whether it be handing someone a glass of water or jointly moving a heavy object together. These sensorimotor interactions between humans typically rely on visual feedback and haptic feedback. Recent single-participant studies have highlighted that the unique noise and time delays of each sense must be considered to estimate the state, such as the position and velocity, of one’s own movement. However, we know little about how visual feedback and haptic feedback are used to estimate the state of another person. Here, we tested how humans utilize visual feedback and haptic feedback to estimate the state of their partner during a collaborative sensorimotor task. Across two experiments, we show that visual feedback dominated haptic feedback during collaboration. Specifically, we found that visual feedback led to comparatively lower task-relevant movement variability, smoother collaborative movements, and faster trial completion times. We also developed an optimal feedback controller that considered the noise and time delays of both visual feedback and haptic feedback to estimate the state of a partner. This model was able to capture both lower task-relevant movement variability and smoother collaborative movements. Taken together, our empirical and modeling results support the idea that visual accuracy is more important than haptic speed to perform state estimation of a partner during collaboration. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Physical collaboration between two or more individuals involves both visual and haptic feedback. Here, we investigated how visual and haptic feedback is used to estimate the movements of a partner during a collaboration task. Our experimental and computational modeling results parsimoniously support the notion that greater visual accuracy is more important than faster yet noisier haptic feedback when estimating the state of a partner.This study was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant 2146888 (to J.G.A.C.) and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada RGPIN-2018-05589 (to M.J.C.)