2,938 research outputs found
Perturbative quantization of two-dimensional space-time noncommutative QED
Using the method of perturbative quantization in the first order
approximation, we quantize a non-local QED-like theory including fermions and
bosons whose interactions are described by terms containing higher order
space-time derivatives. As an example, the two-dimensional space-time
noncommutative QED (NC-QED) is quantized perturbatively up to O(e^2,\theta^3),
where e is the NC-QED coupling constant and \theta is the noncommutativity
parameter. The resulting modified Lagrangian density is shown to include terms
consisting of first order time-derivative and higher order space-derivatives of
the modified field variables that satisfy the ordinary equal-time commutation
relations up to O(e^2,\theta^3. Using these commutation relations, the
canonical current algebra of the modified theory is also derived.Comment: 22 pages, no figure
Casimir effect in a weak gravitational field and the spacetime index of refraction
In a recent paper [arXiv:0904.2904] using a conjecture it is shown how one
can calculate the effect of a weak stationary gravitational field on vacuum
energy in the context of Casimir effect in an external gravitational field
treated in 1+3 formulation of spacetime decomposition.. In this article,
employing quntum field theory in curved spacetime, we explicitly calculate the
effect of a weak static gravitational field on virtual massless scalar
particles in a Casimir apparatus. It is shown that, as expected from the
proposed conjecture, both the frequency and renormalized energy of the virtual
scalar field are affected by the gravitational field through its index of
refraction. This could be taken as a strong evidence in favour of the proposed
conjecture. Generalizations to weak {\it stationary} spacetimes and virtual
photons are also discussed.Comment: 11 pages, RevTex, typos corrected (combined with arXiv:0904.2904
published in PRD
Novel black hole bound states and entropy
We solve for the spectrum of the Laplacian as a Hamiltonian on
and in . A
self-adjointness analysis with and as
the boundary for the two cases shows that a general class of boundary
conditions for which the Hamiltonian operator is essentially self-adjoint are
of the mixed (Robin) type. With this class of boundary conditions we obtain
"bound state" solutions for the Schroedinger equation. Interestingly, these
solutions are all localized near the boundary. We further show that the number
of bound states is finite and is in fact proportional to the perimeter or area
of the removed \emph{disc} or \emph{ball}. We then argue that similar
considerations should hold for static black hole backgrounds with the horizon
treated as the boundary.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures, approximate formula for energy spectrum added at
the end of section 2.1 along with additional minor changes to comply with the
version accepted in PR
How red is a quantum black hole?
Radiating black holes pose a number of puzzles for semiclassical and quantum
gravity. These include the transplanckian problem -- the nearly infinite
energies of Hawking particles created near the horizon, and the final state of
evaporation. A definitive resolution of these questions likely requires robust
inputs from quantum gravity. We argue that one such input is a quantum bound on
curvature. We show how this leads to an upper limit on the redshift of a
Hawking emitted particle, to a maximum temperature for a black hole, and to the
prediction of a Planck scale remnant.Comment: 3 pages, essay for the Gravity Research Foundatio
Instability of (1+1) de sitter space in the presence of interacting fields
Instabilities of two dimensional (1+1) de Sitter space induced by interacting
fields are studied. As for the case of flat Minkowski space, several
interacting fermion models can be translated into free boson ones and vice
versa. It is found that interacting fermion theories do not lead to any
instabilities, while the interacting bosonic sine-Gordon model does lead to a
breakdown of de Sitter symmetry and to the vanishing of the vacuum expectation
value of the S matrix.Comment: 7 page
Asymptotic Symmetries of Rindler Space at the Horizon and Null Infinity
We investigate the asymptotic symmetries of Rindler space at null infinity
and at the event horizon using both systematic and ad hoc methods. We find that
the approaches that yield infinite-dimensional asymptotic symmetry algebras in
the case of anti-de Sitter and flat spaces only give a finite-dimensional
algebra for Rindler space at null infinity. We calculate the charges
corresponding to these symmetries and confirm that they are finite, conserved,
and integrable, and that the algebra of charges gives a representation of the
asymptotic symmetry algebra. We also use relaxed boundary conditions to find
infinite-dimensional asymptotic symmetry algebras for Rindler space at null
infinity and at the event horizon. We compute the charges corresponding to
these symmetries and confirm that they are finite and integrable. We also
determine sufficient conditions for the charges to be conserved on-shell, and
for the charge algebra to give a representation of the asymptotic symmetry
algebra. In all cases, we find that the central extension of the charge algebra
is trivial.Comment: 37 pages, 4 figures. Version 3: New Section 5 adde
Quantum Energy Teleportation with Electromagnetic Field: Discrete vs. Continuous Variables
It is well known that usual quantum teleportation protocols cannot transport
energy. Recently, new protocols called quantum energy teleportation (QET) have
been proposed, which transport energy by local operations and classical
communication with the ground states of many-body quantum systems. In this
paper, we compare two different QET protocols for transporting energy with
electromagnetic field. In the first protocol, a 1/2 spin (a qubit) is coupled
with the quantum fluctuation in the vacuum state and measured in order to
obtain one-bit information about the fluctuation for the teleportation. In the
second protocol, a harmonic oscillator is coupled with the fluctuation and
measured in order to obtain continuous-variable information about the
fluctuation. In the spin protocol, the amount of teleported energy is
suppressed by an exponential damping factor when the amount of input energy
increases. This suppression factor becomes power damping in the case of the
harmonic oscillator protocol. Therefore, it is concluded that obtaining more
information about the quantum fluctuation leads to teleporting more energy.
This result suggests a profound relationship between energy and quantum
information.Comment: 24 pages, 4 figures, to be published in Journal of Physics A:
Mathematical and Theoretica
Radiation from collapsing shells, semiclassical backreaction and black hole formation
We provide a detailed analysis of quantum field theory around a collapsing
shell and discuss several conceptual issues related to the emission of
radiation flux and formation of black holes. Explicit calculations are
performed using a model for a collapsing shell which turns out to be
analytically solvable. We use the insights gained in this model to draw
reliable conclusions regarding more realistic models. We first show that any
shell of mass which collapses to a radius close to will emit
approximately thermal radiation for a period of time. In particular, a shell
which collapses from some initial radius to a final radius
(where ) without forming a black hole,
will emit thermal radiation during the period . Later on (), the flux from such a
shell will decay to zero exponentially. We next study the effect of
backreaction computed using the vacuum expectation value of the stress tensor
on the collapse. We find that, in any realistic collapse scenario, the
backreaction effects do \emph{not} prevent the formation of the event horizon.
The time at which the event horizon is formed is, of course, delayed due to the
radiated flux -- which decreases the mass of the shell -- but this effect is
not sufficient to prevent horizon formation. We also clarify several conceptual
issues and provide pedagogical details of the calculations in the Appendices to
the paper.Comment: 26 pages, 6 figures, revtex4; v2 -- minor reformatting, some typos
fixed, one reference added, to appear in PR
Anisotropic higher derivative gravity and inflationary universe
Stability analysis of the Kantowski-Sachs type universe in pure higher
derivative gravity theory is studied in details. The non-redundant generalized
Friedmann equation of the system is derived by introducing a reduced one
dimensional generalized KS type action. This method greatly reduces the labor
in deriving field equations of any complicate models. Existence and stability
of inflationary solution in the presence of higher derivative terms are also
studied in details. Implications to the choice of physical theories are
discussed in details in this paper.Comment: 9 page
Cosmology and the S-matrix
We study conditions for the existence of asymptotic observables in cosmology.
With the exception of de Sitter space, the thermal properties of accelerating
universes permit arbitrarily long observations, and guarantee the production of
accessible states of arbitrarily large entropy. This suggests that some
asymptotic observables may exist, despite the presence of an event horizon.
Comparison with decelerating universes shows surprising similarities: Neither
type suffers from the limitations encountered in de Sitter space, such as
thermalization and boundedness of entropy. However, we argue that no realistic
cosmology permits the global observations associated with an S-matrix.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures; v2: minor editin
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