દક્ષિણ ગુજરાતના ઘોડિયા જાતિનાં સંસ્કારગીતોઃ એક અધ્યયન

Not availabl

Effect of losartan and amlodipine on insulin sensitivity in non-diabetic hypertensive patients

Background: Hypertensive patients show higher insulin levels than normotensive controls. Hypertension is linked to impaired glucose tolerance and resistance to the action of insulin. Untreated hypertensive patients are at risk of developing new onset diabetes mellitus. Different antihypertensive drugs affect the insulin sensitivity distinctly. Few studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of losartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker on the glucose insulin metabolism, but other studies have failed to demonstrate the insulin resistance lowering effect of losartan. Amlodipine, a long acting calcium channel blocker is considered to have neutral effects on the glucose-insulin metabolism.Methods: In a prospective, open-label, parallel group study, non-diabetic patients with mild to moderate hypertension were randomized to either losartan (titrated from 50 to 100 mg /day, n=20) or amlodipine (titrated from 5 to 10 mg/ day, n=20) for period of 24 weeks. At baseline, 12 weeks and 24 weeks fasting plasma glucose, fasting plasma insulin, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) apart from lipid parameters, mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures levels were determined.Results: Intragroup comparison shows that both losartan and amlodipine significantly reduced the HOMA-IR index (P < 0.05, 24 weeks vs. baseline). Losartan reduced HOMA-IR more than amlodipine but this reduction was not statistically significant.Conclusions: Losartan and amlodipine lowered insulin resistance in patients of mild to moderate hypertension

A Review on Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Healthcare: Why, How, and When?

Artificial intelligence (AI) models are increasingly finding applications in the field of medicine. Concerns have been raised about the explainability of the decisions that are made by these AI models. In this article, we give a systematic analysis of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), with a primary focus on models that are currently being used in the field of healthcare. The literature search is conducted following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) standards for relevant work published from 1 January 2012 to 02 February 2022. The review analyzes the prevailing trends in XAI and lays out the major directions in which research is headed. We investigate the why, how, and when of the uses of these XAI models and their implications. We present a comprehensive examination of XAI methodologies as well as an explanation of how a trustworthy AI can be derived from describing AI models for healthcare fields. The discussion of this work will contribute to the formalization of the XAI field.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in the IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligenc

Flutter analysis of laminated composite structures using Carrera Unified Formulation

In present work, the flutter analysis of laminated composite structures has been performed using the p-k method in Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF). In the framework of CUF, a hierarchical kinematic finite element model is used to compute the flutter condition of laminated composite plate and box-beam structures as it is very accurate and computationally efficient. The CUF refined theories are based on the Lagrange and Taylor-like cross-sectional displacement fields. In CUF, the order of the expansion can be chosen arbitrary, which is an independent parameter in the formulation. The governing equation is based on the principle of virtual displacement and defined in the form of "fundamental nuclei" using CUF. Theodorsen theory was used to define the aerodynamics loading conditions and the p-k method was used to compute the flutter conditions. Flutter conditions of different types of laminated composite structures with Lagrange and Taylor expansion were performed. A similar model was developed in MSC-Nastran and computed results were compared with literature and CUF model. The results indicate that the analyzed model has good agreement with reference and MSC-Nastran. The study suggests that the CUF models can produce accurate results with a low computational cost

Clinical and bacteriological correlates of whole blood interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in newly detected cases of pulmonary TB

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the relationship of the capacity to produce interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in whole blood, bacteriological, hematological, radiographic and clinical presentations in new, HIV seronegative cases of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB).Methods80 cases and 50 control subjects aged 15 years onwards, representative of Kasturba Hospital and Nursing schools of Wardha district of Maharashtra state in India were examined for their health condition with standard methodology.ResultsAmong these TB patients, 73.8% were Quantiferon-TB gold (QFT) positive with IFN-γ concentration as 0.35 IU or more and there was none in healthy controls. The mean IFN-γ concentrations varied between 9.58 IU (50-59 yrs) and 2.58 IU (⩾60 yrs), showing no trend. The differences in positivity and mean IFN-γconcentrations were statistically insignificant. Both the QFT positivity and IFN-γconcentrations were higher in normal lymphocyte percent as compared to below and above normal, but differences were not statistically significant.ConclusionsThe IFN-γconcentrations are not correlated with any of the predictors of disease severity studied, the levels are significantly higher in observation group as compared to healthy group

Growth Pattern of the Kamars – A Primitive Tribe of Chhattisgarh, India

A cross sectional study of the physical growth status was made on 655 Kamar children (341 boys and 314 girls), aged 5 to 18 years, in the Raipur district of Chhattisgarh. The study aimed to find out the growth pattern of the Kamar children, which is considered to be a primitive tribe of Chhattisgarh, India and was compared with another Indian tribe and the official data for all India (ICMR). Anthropometric measurements included height, weight, sitting height, biacromial diameter, biilliocristal diameter, upper arm circumference, calf circumference and measurements of the triceps and subscapular skinfolds. All anthropometric measurements except skinfold thickenness exhibit uniform increase with age in both sexes. However, when height and weight of the Kamar boys and girls were compared with the data for other tribes and for all India, the Kamar children (both boys and girls) indicated lower weight and height and the difference showed to be significant, for almost all ages. Kamar boys showed higher anthropometric values than girls in almost all measurements except in biilliocristal diameter and in measured skinfolds. Poor socio-economic status of this primitive tribe may be one of the reasons for this poor growth pattern. However, in-depth study is necessary in order to arrive at any basic conclusions and to recommend any policy and interventions

A prospective, randomized, double blind, placebo controlled clinical trial to study efficacy and safety of benzydamine 0.15% gargles in prevention of postoperative sore throat

Background: Postoperative sore throat (POST) is an undesirable outcome of general anesthesia. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of benzydamine preoperative gargles in reducing the incidence and severity of POST.Methods: A randomized double blind prospective study involving 200 adult male and female patients was performed to assess the incidence of sore throat, cough and hoarseness of voice following tracheal intubation. The patients were randomly divided into two groups (group B and group C) of 100 each. Group B patients received benzydamine 0.15% gargles while group C received placebo. Patients were asked to gargle for 30 seconds, five minutes before induction of anesthesia. The patients were examined for sore throat, cough and hoarseness of voice at intervals of 0, 2, 4, and 24 hours post-extubation.Results: The incidence of POST was significantly high (p&lt;0.05) in the group C (controls) as compared to group B (cases) at all the durations of time after extubation. The peak incidence was noted at 0 and 2 hours post extubation, in both the groups, where 89% in group C and 47% reports of sore throat in group B were observed. The benzydamine group B had no evidence of sore throat at 24 hours duration whereas group C had 36% of patients who still complained sore throat. The incidence and severity of hoarseness of voice was found to be significantly low in group B at all the times as compared to group C (p&lt;0.05).Conclusions: A simple technique of gargling performed preoperatively with benzydamine hydrochloride was effective in reducing POST with no evidence of any side effects.