Radiation effects on electronic circuits in a spatial environment

The failings bound to the deterioration of the components under irradiations are complex and numerous. This paper describes the different kinds of radiations present in the space as well as their interactions with the materials composing the integrated circuits used in the spacecraft. Our survey will be focused on the Single Event Upset phenomenon induced by the passage of only one ionizing particle with applications on the Samsung SDRAM

Entropic potential as manifold for the reduced entropy representations in superconductivity

The “cold” causes superconductivity phenomenon, as a measurement process generating a phase transitions of the second order, and also permitting the rise of phenomenological parameters, but not allowing the stability of such behaviour, we will have to write this stability to be supported by a new kind of value as an entropic potential which learns the systems how to display over all possible microconfigurations, and the systems by their faculties to increase their standard entropies, dictate the form of this potential, this will be written as a recursive operatorial equations. The picture of such potential is interference between thermodynamical length scales of entropies, it seems as a world of different undetermination orders, if a given variational principle is put down, it will transit over several definitions. The representation of the entropic potential as a group transformation linking different temperature thermodynamical length scales as described by L. Landau will suggest that among considerations brought on propagation of order parameter carving the recursive stationary state. Concerning the stability conditions, a context of matrices description will be proposed, as managing the fact that superconductor, is superconductor per pavement, and the matrixes notations, is determining the interaction between order parameters as “Heredity” concerning dimensions, orientations and a mixed subinteraction, where equivalently dimensions and orientations are mutually excluded each other. The beginning of emergence of this value is rooted when combinatory formulation of matter, is taken in the order of measurement process with eigen results, corresponding to normalised macroscopicity levels. The asymptotic expression for the entropic potential, will be expressing a physical situation defining that, deflections are collected by a variational principle brought on the Landau length coherence. The introduction of covariant, contravariant and mixed current density matrices will establish the limit, according which the reproducible recursive configurations is only obtained by triplication of a combined fundamental states

Influence of Gravity on noncommutative Dirac equation

In this paper, we investigate the influence of gravity and noncommutativity on Dirac equation. By adopting the tetrad formalism, we show that the modified Dirac equation keeps the same form. The only modification is in the expression of the covariant derivative. The new form of this derivative is the product of its counterpart given in curved space-time with an operator which depends on the noncommutative $\theta$-parameter. As an application, we have computed the density number of the created particles in presence of constant strong electric field in an anisotropic Bianchi universe.Comment: 9 pages, correct some miprints, Accepted for publication in journal of Mod. Phys. Letters

Analysis of fractal radiation patterns from concentric-ring hexagonal arrays

These hexagonal arrays are becoming increasingly popular, especially for their applications in the area of wireless communications. The overall objective of this article has been to use the theoretical foundation developed for the analysis of radiation patterns and design of the hexagonal arrays. A technique has been developed for the analysis of radiation patterns from concentric ring arrays. A family of functions, known as generalized Weierstrass functions, has been shown to play a key role in the theory of fractal radiation pattern analysis

Analysis of radiation patterns and feed illumination of the reflector antenna using the physical and geometrical optics

Reflector antennas are characterized by very high gains (30 dB and higher) and narrow main beams. They are widely used in satellite and line-of-sight microwave communications as well as in radar. Reflector antennas operate on principles known long ago from the theory of geometrical optics. The first reflector system was made by Hertz back in 1888 (a cylindrical reflector fed by a dipole). The radiation fields from aperture antennas, such as slots, open-ended waveguides, horns, reflector and lens antennas, are determined from the knowledge of the fields over the aperture of the antenna. In this paper, we analyzed the effects of feeds relating to the parabolic reflectors such as waveguide and horn. We show the variations of the gain in the electric and magnetic planes (E and H) according to the angle of incidence. In our case, we use the origin to be at the focus

Thermodynamical length scales temperatures correlation for the Ginzburg-Landau theory

The emergence of the superconducting state must obey to a variational principle representations, as considered in the classical schemes, the invariance of the extremum values, according to the use of thermodynamical functions, will suggest an internal coherence governing the jumps realized by the symmetries, against the non-univoc determination permitted by the variations of the thermodynamical parameters. The uncertainties for macroscopic states must be associated to the existence of “macroscopicity levels”, considering the interaction between cooled and cooling, the macroscopic state of each one, will be considered as a combinatory length scales interactions. The reversed role between cooled and cooling suggests that near transition point Eδ will be spent in c²∆Γ . The thermodynamical functions are obtained each from other by the uncertainty principle

The logical closure limit of superconductivity descriptions

The quantum description of macroscopic behaviour seems requiring the existence of limits imposed by the consideration hold on the logical closure of the theory, according to this, the J.A. Wheeler black box [1] will act under a coherence length of second order. The use of mathematical beings translating the phases transitions in nature are displayed in one-way, the reversibility parameter associated to the black box is severely limited according to the way we disturb the constants and the functions used to describe a given phenomenon. The combinatory formulation of matter is always accompanied by the length scales orientation phenomenon that must be seen as a measurement process of second order. The non-reproducibility of experiments will be dealing with the non-account of the amplitude of length scales interactions, this amplitude manages the combinatory of macroscopic levels between an observer and observed. Some introduced concepts as an entropic potential, the breaking of equivalence are making the emergence of picture of superconductivity as reproducible phenomenon according to the “intrinsic states reproducibility” with number estimated on universal constants expressions limited by the difference between cooled and cooling