Equivalence of viscosity and weak solutions for a p-parabolic equation

We study the relationship of viscosity and weak solutions to the equation partial derivative(t)u - Delta(p)u = f (Du), where p > 1 and f is an element of C(R-N) satisfies suitable assumptions. Our main result is that bounded viscosity supersolutions coincide with bounded lower semicontinuous weak supersolutions. Moreover, we prove the lower semicontinuity of weak supersolutions when p >= 2.peerReviewe

Swordfish steaks vacuum-packed with Rosmarinus officinalis

In order to investigate the shelf life of swordfish steaks vacuum-packed with Rosmarinus officinalis, microbiological, chemical and sensorial analyses were carried out after 1, 3, 6, 8, 12 and 16 days of storage. In the treated samples, total volatile bases ranged from 7.35 to 13.05 mg/100 mL and trimethylamine from 1.21 and 7.9 mg/100 g. No significant change in the levels of ninhydrin- positive substances was observed. As regards the biogenic amines (BA), cadaverine increased linearly to 5.6 and 4.8 mg/100 g, and histamine to 4.9 mg/100g and 3.9 mg/100 g in the control and treated sample respectively. As regards the other BAs, no significant differences between the two samples were found. The effects of rosemary were reflected by a lower peroxide value of 2.72 mEq/kg in the treated steaks compared to 3.33 mEq/kg in the control sample at the end of the trial. The initial H2S-producing bacteria and psychrotrophic counts of 3 and 5 log10 cfu/g increased to 5 and 6.2 log10cfu/g after 16 days of storage in the treated samples. Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes were not detected in any sample. The addition of rosemary in combination with vacuum packaging extended the shelf life of swordfish steaks by four days

Surface Plasmon Mapping of Dumbbell-Shaped Gold Nanorods: The Effect of Silver Coating

We report on the identification of surface plasmons in individual gold dumbbell-shaped nanoparticles (AuDBs), as well as AuDBs coated with silver. We use spatially resolved electron energy-loss spectroscopy in a scanning electron microscope, which allows us to map plasmon-energy and intensity spatial distributions. Two dominant plasmon resonances are experimentally resolved in both AuDBs and silver-coated AuDBs. The intensity of these features is peaked either at the tips or at the sides of the nanoparticles. We present boundary element method simulations in good agreement with the experiment, allowing us to elucidate the nature of such modes. While the lower-energy, tip-focused plasmon is of longitudinal character for all dumbbells under consideration, the second side-bound plasmon has a more involved symmetry, starting as a longitudinal quadrupole in homogeneous AuDBs and picking up transversal components when silver coating is added. The longitudinal dipolar mode energy is found to blue-shift upon coating with silver. We find that the substrate produces sizable shifts in the plasmons of silver-coated AuDBs. Our analysis portraits a complex plasmonic scenario in metal nanoparticles coated with silver, including a transition from the original homogeneous gold dumbbell plasmons to the modes of homogeneous silver rods. We believe that these findings can have potential application to plasmon engineering