Quantum Hall Effect on Dirac electrons in modulated graphene

Theoretical investigation of Dirac electrons in electrically modulated graphene under perpendicular magnetic field B is presented. We have carried out a detailed study of modulation effect on Dirac electrons, which determine its electrical transport properties. The periodic potential broadens the Landau levels (LL), which oscillate with magnetic field B and a comparison made with two-dimensional electron gas system (2DEGS). We have found the effect of Hall conductivity on electronic conduction in this system. In addition, we find that Hall conductivity exhibits Weiss oscillations and Shubnikov de Haas (SdH) oscillations. The effect of temperature and the period of periodic potential on these oscillations are studied in this work. Furthermore, an integral quantum Hall effect in graphene is also discussed

Right coronary artery-to-pulmonary artery fistula, the role of echocardiography

Coronary artery fistula is an uncommon but hemodynamically significant anomaly of the coronary arteries, occurring as an incidental finding in 0.1% to 0.2% of coronary angiograms. Although half of the patients with a coronary artery fistula remain asymptomatic, the other half develops CHF, infective endocarditis, myocardial ischemia, or rupture of an aneurysm. This report is illustrative of the right coronary artery fistula to the right pulmonary artery in a 57-year-old male. The definitive diagnosis was made during transesophageal echocardiography and confirmed at operation

Studi Pengelolaan Limbah Cair Industri Tahu Di Desa Samili Kecamatan Woha Kabupaten Bima

xi + 25 halaman : tabel, gambar, lampiran. Industri Pembuatan Tahu UD. Rohana Di Desa Samili menghasilkan limbah cair perhari 570 liter / hari, pengawasan kualitas limbah cair tidak berjalan sehingga di khawatirkan limbah yang dibuang mencemari lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengelolaan limbah cair industry tahu di Desa Samili Kecamatan Woha Kabupaten Bima Tahun 2019.Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian Metode Deskriptif, Populasi penelitian ini adalah Industri tahu di Desa Samili Kec, Woha Kabupaten Bima berjumlah 2 unit penelitian ini mengambil 1 industri tahu Desa Samili Kec. Woha Kabupaten Bima, Data dikumpulkan melalui insrumen pengumpulan data dan prosedur pemeriksaan suhu dan pH. Dalam penelitian ini diperoleh rataan volume air limbah perhari sebesar 570 liter / hari. Penilaian pengelolaan limbah cair kategori baik. Hasil pemeriksaan rataan kandungan suhu sebesar 30,9° dan kerataan kandungan pH sebesar 7,3.Dengan penelitian ini disarankan bagi pihak pengelolaan tetap melaksanakan pengolahan limbah cair yang ada, lakukan pengawasan kualitas limbah cair secara berkelanjutan. Bagi pemerintah memonitoring industri tahu kemudian mensosialisasikan aturan dan pengolahan yang memenuhi syarat sehingga limbah cair yang dibuang tidak mencemari lingkungan

Myelin damage and repair in pathologic CNS: challenges and prospects

Injury to the central nervous system (CNS) results in oligodendrocyte cell death and progressive demyelination. Demyelinated axons undergo considerable physiological changes and molecular reorganizations that collectively result in axonal dysfunction, degeneration and loss of sensory and motor functions. Endogenous adult oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and neural stem/progenitor cells (NPCs) contribute to the replacement of oligodendrocytes, however, the extent and quality of endogenous remyelination is suboptimal. Emerging evidence indicates that optimal remyelination is restricted by multiple factors including (i) low levels of factors that promote oligodendrogenesis; (ii) cell death among newly generated oligodendrocytes, (iii) inhibitory factors in the post-injury milieu that impede remyelination, and (iv) deficient expression of key growth factors essential for proper re-construction of a highly organized myelin sheath. Considering these challenges, over the past several years, a number of cell-based strategies have been developed to optimize remyelination therapeutically. Outcomes of these basic and preclinical discoveries are promising and signify the importance of remyelination as a mechanism for improving functions in CNS injuries. In this review, we provide an overview on: 1) the precise organization of myelinated axons and the reciprocal axo-myelin interactions that warrant properly balanced physiological activities within the CNS; 2) underlying cause of demyelination and the structural and functional consequences of demyelination in axons following injury and disease; 3) the endogenous mechanisms of oligodendrocyte replacement; 4) the modulatory role of reactive astrocytes and inflammatory cells in remyelination; and 5) the current status of cell-based therapies for promoting remyelination. Careful elucidation of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of demyelination in the pathologic CNS is a key to better understanding the impact of remyelinati

English Dictionary Ownership and Usage among the Acehnese Students in Malaysian University

In academic, students, teacher and researcher may need English dictionary as an urge to comprehend English literature. This study is conducted mainly to find out what kind of the most used dictionary by student and what aspect do they learn about from an English dictionary. The result of this study verifies the conclusion of Jian, et al. (2009), Kobayashi (2008), Bower & Mcmillan (2006), Perry (2003) and Tang (1997) studies about the preference of electronic dictionary in student of Kanda University, Japan. On the other hand it is confirming the declaration of the studies of Al- Khub (2001) and Diab & Hamdan (1999) that students use the dictionary more to find the meaning of specific word. Besides, they prefer to use new technology where they not only can find the meaning, but also syntax, pronunciation etc on just finger tips (Vivian & Barnes, 2010) And Aceh students (the respondents) as the scholars in UPSI use dictionary regularly and every one of them have at least one kind of dictionary. It can be concluded that they are ready to adopt English as their secondary language and can progress towards excellence by understand English literature of respective subject. Keywords: English Dictionary Ownership, English Dictionary Ownership, Aceh, Acehnese Students, Malaysian University

Patient-Specific Pre-Treatment VMAT Plan Verification Using Gamma Passing Rates

Continuous gantry motion, continuous beam modulation, and variable dose rate are used in volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) to obtain highly conformal radiation therapy dose distributions. Several errors during daily radiation therapy treatment can be sources of uncertainties in dose delivery. These errors include monitor unit calculation errors and other human mistakes. Due to the uncertainties in the excessively modulated VMAT plan, the intended dose distribution is not delivered perfectly, leading to a mismatch between the measured and planned dose distributions. This necessitates an extensive and effective quality assurance (QA) program for both machine and patient. In this study, VMAT QA plan verification of 62 head and neck (HN) and 19 prostate cases was done using Octavius 4D setup with its associating VeriSoft gamma analysis software. The plans showed a maximum 3D gamma passing rate with 4 mm/3 % gamma acceptance criteria, i.e., 99.7 % for the HN cancer cases and 99.5 % for the prostate cancer cases. Local gamma analysis was also performed for both regions. Furthermore, 2D and volumetric gamma analyses were also carried out. Gamma analysis with respect to different axis was also carried out. It was known that the transversal axis showed    the highest gamma passing rate in both HN and prostate cases, i.e., 99.17 % and 98.3 %, respectively. The transverse axis came to be a better fit for the planned dose distribution

Reputation based Trust Management System for Improving Public Health Care System in Pakistan

Health is the most important facility for the people by the government if it is provided properly.There is a lack of trust among people about healthcare system particularly in public hospitals ofPakistan. People do not trust doctors and hospitals due to poor management and low standardscheck-up by the doctors. This is due to the lack of feedback system which leads to themismanagement of healthcare institutions. In this research, we have developed a reputation-basedfeedback management system that will overcome all the problems related to the trust of the patientsregarding their medical care. This will enhance the system and will let doctors, staff, andmanagement to work honestly to make their repute well

Is the Wild Coast in eastern South Africa a distinct marine bioregion?

Abstract: The South African coastline can be divided into at least four temperature-defined marine bioregions, including the tropical north-east coast, the subtropical east coast, the warm-temperate south coast, and the cool-temperate west coast. There are also two biogeographical transition zones, the south-west coast and the south-east coast (or Wild Coast). The former is sometimes considered a distinct marine bioregion, but no such status has yet been suggested for the Wild Coast. Previous data on the distribution of a recently described but very common coastal crab, Hymenosoma longicrure, indicated that this species could be a Wild Coast endemic. If confirmed, this would be a first indication that this region harbours unique fauna, and that additional research is required to determine whether the Wild Coast constitutes a distinct bioregion that needs to be managed separately from other coastal regions. In the present study, we generated novel genetic data for H. longicrure and compared the species’ range with that of its southern African congeners. We found that H. longicrure occurs north of the Wild Coast, where its range overlaps with that of H. projectum. This finding rejects the idea that the Wild Coast harbours endemic fauna and suggests that the ranges of the two species may be linked to the subtropical and tropical bioregions, respectively, with some southward dispersal facilitated by the southward-flowing Agulhas Current. We conclude that there is as yet no compelling evidence that the Wild Coast is a distinct marine bioregion, and concur with previous biogeographical studies which have suggested that the Wild Coast is an area in which species from the subtropical and warm-temperate bioregions have overlapping ranges. Nonetheless, that fact that no biological information is available for the majority of the region’s estuaries highlights the necessity of comprehensively documenting the biodiversity of this understudied region to fully resolve this issue