11 research outputs found
Utilising an innovative digital software to grade pre-clinical crown preparation exercise
Accurate assessment of dental studentsβ pre-clinical work is the most
critical component of the dental education process. Thus, this study came to investigate
the effectiveness of using technology in studentsβ pre-clinical work evaluation; by
comparing grades generated from a digital assessment software of a prepared tooth
and a traditional visual inspection carried out by four calibrated faculty members
Mellitin peptide quantification in seasonally collected crude bee venom and its anticancer effects on myelogenous K562 human leukaemia cell line
Abstract Background Apitherapy is an emerging field in cancer research, particularly in developing communities. The potency of Melittin (MEL), a major constituent in bee venom is accounted for the cytotoxic capacity against cancer cells. It is postulated that the genotype of bees and the time of venom collection influences its specific activity against certain types of cancer. Method Hereby, Jordanian crude bee venom (JCBV) was collected during different seasons of the year, specifically spring, summer and autumn and investigated for in vitro antitumour effects. Venom collected during springtime comprised the highest quantity of MEL in comparison to venom collected some other time. Springtime-collected JCBV extract and MEL were tested on an immortal myelogenous leukaemia cell line, namely K562 leukemic cells. Treated cells were examined for cell modality via flow cytometry analysis and cell death mediating gene expressions. Results Springtime-collected JCBV extract and MEL showed an IC50 of 3.7βΒ±β0.37Β ΞΌg/ml and 1.84βΒ±β0.75Β ΞΌg/ml, respectively. In comparison to JCBV and positive control, MEL-treated cells exhibited late apoptotic death with a moderate cellular arrest at G0/G1 and an increase of cell number at G2/M phase. Expression of NF-ΞΊB/MAPK14 axis was inhibited in MEL and JCBV-treated cells, as well as expression of c-MYC and CDK4. Moreover, marked upregulation in ABL1, JUN and TNF was observed. In conclusion, springtime-collected JCBV showed the highest content of MEL while both JCBV and pure MEL showed apoptotic, necrotic, and cell cycle arrest efficiency against K562 leukemic cells. Conclusion Integration of bee venom in chemotherapy needs more investigation and should be carefully translated into clinical use. During such translation, the correlation of bee genotype, collection time and concentration of MEL in CBV should be profiled
ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ¦ΠΠ Π£ ΠΠΠΠ¬ΠΠ«Π₯ Π‘ ΠΠΠ§-ΠΠΠ€ΠΠΠ¦ΠΠΠ Π‘ ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ Π£ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ
The current epidemiological situation in the world, characterized by a constant increase in the number of HIV-infected. The steady progression of HIV infection, even in the presence of antiretroviral therapy (ART), is accompanied by the development of opportunistic diseases. Tubercolosis most often affects patients with HIV infection, as the risk of their illness is 20β37 times higher. Basically, radiation tests and immunological tests are used for the diagnostic of tuberculosis. The main diagnostic criterion for establishing the diagnosis of tuberculosis is detection of the causative agent (Mycobacterium tuberculosis by bacteriological or molecular genetic method. Other diseases with respiratory organs, pleura, and hilar lymph nodes may also occur In patients with HIV infection, which requires differential diagnostic, including surgical methods. It is often necessary to resort to a biopsy of pulmonary tissue, pleura, and hilar lymph nodes to establish a diagnosis. Among surgical methods, the use of minimally invasive operations using endoscopic techniques is most justified. Purpose of the study. Study of safety and effectiveness of the use of surgical methods in the diagnostic of chest diseases in patients with HIV infection. Materials and methods. The results of 105 diagnostic thoracic surgeries in patients with HIV infection which were performed in Moscow Research andClinicalCenterfor Tuberculosis Control of Moscow city Department in period between 2014β2017 were studied. All patients underwent diagnostic surgical interventions. Minimally invasive methods were predominantly used. The obtained diagnostic material was subjected to morphological, molecular-genetic and bacteriological analysis. Results of the research. After surgical interventions in patients with HIV infection with pathological changes in chest organs, unclear etiology, diagnosis of tuberculosis was established in 74 (70,5%) patients, nontuberculous etiology of the disease was detected in 31 (29,5%). Differential diagnosis of chest diseases in patients with HIV infection is an integral part of the work of phthisiatrician, pulmonologist and infectiologist. Surgical interventions in HIV-infected patients do not create a significant risk of changes in the immune status, respectively, their performance is independent of the level of lymphocytes and produced even with severe immunodeficiency. The use of surgical methods in diagnostic of chest diseases is safe, effective and does not lead to a significant number of complications and mortality in patients with HIV infection, regardless of the initial immune status. In addition, in number of patients, the operation is not only diagnostic, but also therapeutic, allowing significantly shortening the duration of treatment, avoiding the appointment of trial therapy. The conclusion. In case of tuberculosis, morphological verification of pathological changes in combination with bacteriological and molecular genetic research of the operation material makes it possible to assign an adequate regime of antituberculous chemotherapy in accordance with the sensitivity of the pathogen. The establishment of non-tuberculous etiology of the identified changes, changes the routing of an HIV-infected patient from an anti-tuberculosis institution to a specialized medical organization of the appropriate profile.Π‘ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π° ΠΠΠ§-ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠΠ§-ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π’ΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π· Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΠΠ§-ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΈΡΠΊ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π½ΠΈΡ
Π² 20β37 ΡΠ°Π· Π²ΡΡΠ΅. Π ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π° ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·Π° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ (Mycobacterium tuberculosis ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΠΠ’) Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ. Π£ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΠΠ§-ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² Π΄ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ, Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ·Π»ΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π΅Π³Π°ΡΡ ΠΊ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΈ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ, ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ, Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠ·Π»ΠΎΠ². Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π΄Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ: ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² Π³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΠΠ§-ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ 105 Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΠΠ§-ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² ΠΠΠ£Π Β«ΠΠΠΠ¦ Π±ΠΎΡΡΠ±Ρ Ρ ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΠΠΒ» Π·Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ 2014β2017 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°; ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» Π±ΡΠ» ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ³Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ, ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΈ Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ² Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΠΠ§-ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π² Π³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ· ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·Π° Π±ΡΠ» ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ Ρ 74 (70,5%) Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
, Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Ρ 31 (29,5%). ΠΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² Π³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΠΠ§-ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠ»ΡΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π° ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠ°. ΠΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° Ρ ΠΠΠ§-ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°, ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ, ΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² Π³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΠΠ§-ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π²Π½Π΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Ρ ΡΡΠ΄Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΡΠΉ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΈΠ·Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΠΠ§-ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Ρ.</p