1,107 research outputs found
Measurement of thermal cycles in the weld heat affected zone of mild steel
The thermal cycles in the mild steel parent plate adjacent to a bead
on plate weld have been measured for heat inputs of 108, 54 and 42 kJ/inch,
by means of embedded thermocouples connected to high response automatic
recorders. The results show that decreasing the heat input increases the
cooling rate and decreases the width of the heat affected zone.
For thermal cycles in which the peak temperatures reached 900°C or
above, two points of inflection have been noted in the temperature ranges
400° - 600°C and 950° - 1200°C. The inflection in the lower temperature
range, which has been observed by other workers, has been attributed to
latent heat from the exothermic transformation of austenite to ferrite.
The higher inflection point, not previously reported, has been tentatively
related to the solidification in the weld pool and the release of the
latent heat of fusion
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Multiple Species Reactive Chemical Transport in Groundwater: A Verification Exercise
Effectiveness of a social support intervention on infant feeding practices : randomised controlled trial
Background: To assess whether monthly home visits from trained volunteers could improve infant feeding practices at age 12 months, a randomised controlled trial was carried out in two disadvantaged inner city London boroughs.
Methods: Women attending baby clinics with their infants (312) were randomised to receive monthly home visits from trained volunteers over a 9-month period (intervention group) or standard professional care only (control group). The primary outcome was vitamin C intakes from fruit. Secondary outcomes included selected macro and micro-nutrients, infant feeding habits, supine length and weight. Data were collected at baseline when infants were aged approximately 10 weeks, and subsequently when the child was 12 and 18 months old.
Results: Two-hundred and twelve women (68%) completed the trial. At both follow-up points no significant differences were found between the groups for vitamin C intakes from fruit or other nutrients. At first follow-up, however, infants in the intervention group were significantly less likely to be given goats’ or soya milks, and were more likely to have three solid meals per day. At the second follow-up, intervention group children were significantly less likely to be still using a bottle. At both follow-up points, intervention group children also consumed significantly more specific fruit and vegetables.
Conclusions: Home visits from trained volunteers had no significant effect on nutrient intakes but did promote some other recommended infant feeding practices
Planetary Companions Around Two Solar Type Stars: HD 195019 and HD 217107
We have enlarged the sample of stars in the planet search at Lick
Observatory. Doppler measurements of 82 new stars observed at Lick Observatory,
with additional velocities from Keck Observatory, have revealed two new planet
candidates.
The G3V/IV star, HD 195019, exhibits Keplerian velocity variations with a
period of 18.27 d, an orbital eccentricity of 0.03 +/- 0.03, and M sin i = 3.51
M_Jup. Based on a measurement of Ca II H&K emission, this star is
chromospherically inactive. We estimate the metallicity of HD 195019 to be
approximately solar from ubvy photometry.
The second planet candidate was detected around HD 217107, a G7V star. This
star exhibits a 7.12 d Keplerian period with eccentricity 0.14 +/- 0.05 and M
sin i = 1.27 M_Jup. HD 217107 is also chromospherically inactive. The
photometric metallicity is found to be [Fe/H] = +0.29 +/- 0.1 dex. Given the
relatively short orbital period, the absence of tidal spin-up of HD 217107
provides a theoretical constraint on the upper limit of the companion mass of <
11 M_Jup.Comment: 15 pages, plus 6 figures. To appear in Jan 1999 PAS
Neural Correlates of Fear in the Periaqueductal Gray
International audienceThe dorsal and ventral periaqueductal gray (dPAG and vPAG, respectively) are embedded in distinct survival networks that coordinate, respectively, innate and conditioned fear-evoked freezing. However, the information encoded by the PAG during these survival behaviors is poorly understood. Recordings in the dPAG and vPAG in rats revealed differences in neuronal activity associated with the two behaviors. During innate fear, neuronal responses were significantly greater in the dPAG compared with the vPAG. After associative fear conditioning and during early extinction (EE), when freezing was maximal, a field potential was evoked in the PAG by the auditory fear conditioned stimulus (CS). With repeated presentations of the unreinforced CS, animals displayed progressively less freezing accompanied by a reduction in event-related field potential amplitude. During EE, the majority of dPAG and vPAG units increased their firing frequency, but spike-triggered averaging showed that only ventral activity during the presentation of the CS was significantly coupled to EMG-related freezing behavior. This PAG–EMG coupling was only present for the onset of freezing activity during the CS in EE. During late extinction, a subpopulation of units in the dPAG and vPAG continued to show CS-evoked responses; that is, they were extinction resistant. Overall, these findings support roles for the dPAG in innate and conditioned fear and for the vPAG in initiating but not maintaining the drive to muscles to generate conditioned freezing. The existence of extinction-susceptible and extinction-resistant cells also suggests that the PAG plays a role in encoding fear memories
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