The Role of Digital Education in Reducing the Risk of Cyberbullying Among Female Secondary School Students From their point of view in Riyadh - Saudi Arabia

The research aims to identify the role of digital education in improving female secondary school students ability to confront cyberbullying dangers, recognize its different patterns, and explore ways to reduce its effects and repercussions. To achieve the research objectives, the study relied on a quantitative descriptive method to process the primary data collected through a 46-item questionnaire divided into four main dimensions. The questionnaire was distributed to a research sample of 390 female secondary school students, who were chosen randomly and systematically. The research yielded significant results at the level of the first dimension, which addressed the current reality of digital education for secondary school students. The mean values ranged between 2.75 and 2.83. As for the second dimension, which focused on forms of electronic bullying, the mean values ranged between 4.03 and 4.24. The third dimension dealt with the effects of cyberbullying, with mean values ranging between 3.99 and 4.34. The last dimension examined expressions reflecting the means and mechanisms for activating the role of digital education in addressing cyberbullying issues. The mean values ranged between 4.29 and 4.49. The high mean values across all dimensions indicate a strong degree of agreement among the research sample members regarding the questionnaires dimensions. Based on the study results, the researchers recommended increasing female students awareness of cyberbullying and adopting modern strategies to confront electronic bullying. They also suggested activating the role of the media in raising both female students and the communitys awareness of this phenomenon and its various repercussions. Additionally, the study emphasized the importance of increased coordination and cooperation between families and schools in monitoring and addressing cyberbullying

A Proposal for Developing the Role of Educational Platforms to Face Cyberbullying in the Light of Global Expertise

The paper aims to determine the reality of cyberbullying on the Madrasti (my school) platform from the point of view of students and teachers. It identifies the requirements and challenges of developing the platform to face cyberbullying. It makes a proposal for developing the platform’s role to face cyberbullying. It covered a randomly selected sample of (126) female students and (420) female teachers. The result indicated that (25.4%) of the sample were bullied, and (42.9%) of them believed that verbal bullying is the most common among students on the Madrasti platform. Moreover, (54.8%) of them were aware of what to do when exposed to cyberbullying, while (35.7%) of them do not have adequate awareness, and (9.5%) have some awareness. The results of the second question of the questionnaire revealed the low role of the Saudi Madrasti platform in facing cyberbullying among middle school students. The results of the third question revealed that the most important requirements for developing the platform in facing cyberbullying, from the teachers’ perspective, include student counseling, enforcing regulations and laws, community participation, and activating the relationship with parents). The results of the fourth question revealed that the most significant challenges to developing the platform include the inability to alert students and teachers in case of offensive messages outside the classroo

The protective effect of topical fluoride treatments in dentine lesions

Non restorative cavity control (NRCC) is a non to minimally invasive dental approach in dentine caries management which can be applied to cavitated dentine lesions in the primary and permanent dentition. This approach could be supported by topical fluoride applications to enhance caries arrestment. Caries arrestment is a clinical sign of the success of the NRCC approach. The overall aim of this thesis was to understand more closely the chemical and histological (microradiographic) aspects of this fluoride induced arrestment. Therefore, this thesis has investigated these aspects in dentine lesions after treatment with various topically applied fluoride products (SDF, NaF, TiF4 and SnF2), and to examine which product performs best in dentine caries arrestment in an in vitro de- and remineralization model. The current finding showed that all fluoride products used in the current thesis were effective in inhibiting demineralization or enhancing remineralization, depending on the formulas and concentration of the product. SDF, however, was the most effective product in dentine caries management. Therefore, it was of interest to compare the effect of equal fluoride concentrations as either SDF or KF on dentine lesions to examine whether the superior effect of the SDF is due to both the fluoride and silver components, or only to the high fluoride concentration. The results suggest that the effect depended on the high fluoride concentration. In conclusion, the chemical and histological results of these products confirmed the superiority of the SDF treatment in inhibiting dentine demineralization and enhancing dentine remineralization during the pH-cycling

The protective effect of topical fluoride treatments in dentine lesions

Non restorative cavity control (NRCC) is a non to minimally invasive dental approach in dentine caries management which can be applied to cavitated dentine lesions in the primary and permanent dentition. This approach could be supported by topical fluoride applications to enhance caries arrestment. Caries arrestment is a clinical sign of the success of the NRCC approach. The overall aim of this thesis was to understand more closely the chemical and histological (microradiographic) aspects of this fluoride induced arrestment. Therefore, this thesis has investigated these aspects in dentine lesions after treatment with various topically applied fluoride products (SDF, NaF, TiF4 and SnF2), and to examine which product performs best in dentine caries arrestment in an in vitro de- and remineralization model. The current finding showed that all fluoride products used in the current thesis were effective in inhibiting demineralization or enhancing remineralization, depending on the formulas and concentration of the product. SDF, however, was the most effective product in dentine caries management. Therefore, it was of interest to compare the effect of equal fluoride concentrations as either SDF or KF on dentine lesions to examine whether the superior effect of the SDF is due to both the fluoride and silver components, or only to the high fluoride concentration. The results suggest that the effect depended on the high fluoride concentration. In conclusion, the chemical and histological results of these products confirmed the superiority of the SDF treatment in inhibiting dentine demineralization and enhancing dentine remineralization during the pH-cycling

Young adults’ sought gratifications from, and perceptions of food advertising by, social media influencers: a qualitative approach

Abstract Background This study aims to explore young adults’ sought gratifications from social media influencers and whether they are exposed to food advertising by influencers. Further, it aims to understand how young individuals perceive food advertisements by social media influencers. Methods This qualitative study was conducted on 17 students from two public universities—King Abdul Aziz and Jeddah universities—located in the City of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, using in-depth, face-to-face, and semi-structured interviews. The participants were active users of social media platforms who followed at least one influencer. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. The COREQ guidelines for reporting qualitative research (see Additional file 2) were followed when stating the findings. Results The findings reveal ten themes, that is, seven gratifications sought by young adults—broadening knowledge, perceived usefulness, self-improvement, boosting positivity, fostering morale, reinforcing inspiration, and passing time/enjoyment—and three themes (i.e. repeated, authentic, and unhealthy) that describe how Saudi young adults perceive food advertising. Conclusion This study contributes to social media influencer marketing by identifying the factors that motivate young consumers to follow influencers, and it elucidates the extent to which young adults are exposed to food marketing, adding to the body of literature on food advertising

Possible Application of Cytochrome b Gene for Human Identification

The mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (cytb) has been partially amplified and sequenced in order to identify the characteristic SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphism) for some Saudi Arabian tribes. Approximately 1 kbp from this gene has been sequenced and aligned with the same fragment of the revised Cambridge Reference Sequence (rCRS). The polymorphic sites and the haplotypes of all studied individuals were identified. Commonly, three main SNPs (G15301A, A15326G and T15674C) and 6 haplotypes (H, L, JT, U5a, R, J) were found. Most of the recorded SNPs and haplotypes were tribe dependant. Therefore, cytb gene could be considered as a powerful forensic marker; however, more samples must be analyzed to investigate the unique distribution for forensic applications

Multimodal Arabic Rumors Detection

Recently, the use of social media platforms has increased with ease of use and fast accessibility, making such platforms a place of rumor proliferation owing to the lack of posting constraints and content authentication. Therefore, there is a need to leverage artificial intelligence techniques to detect rumors on social media platforms to prevent their adverse effects on society and individuals. Most existing works that detect rumors in Arabic target the textual features of the tweet content. Nevertheless, tweets contain different types of content, such as (text, images, videos, and URLs), and the visual features of tweets play an essential role in rumor diffusion. This study proposes an Arabic rumor detection model to detect rumors on Twitter using textual and visual image features through two types of multimodal fusion: early and late fusion. In addition, we leveraged the transfer learning of the pre-trained language and vision models. Different experiments were conducted to select the best textual and visual feature extractors for building a multimodal model. MARBERTv2 was used as a textual feature extractor, whereas the ensemble of VGG-19 and ResNet50 was used as a visual feature extractor to build the multimodal model. Subsequently, the language and vision models of the single models were used as a baseline to compare their results with those of multimodal models. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of textual features in rumor detection tasks compared to multimodal models

The Effect of Various Fluoride Products on Dentine Lesions during pH-Cycling

This study compared the effect of topically applied fluoride products on dentine lesions in an in vitro experiment. Demineralized bovine dentine specimens were treated once with either SDF solution (35,400 ppm F), NaF varnish (22,600 ppm F), TiF4 solution (9,200 ppm F), SnF2 gel (1,000 ppm F), no treatment (control), or preserved as baseline lesions. After the application and subsequent removal of the fluoride products, the specimens were subjected to pH-cycling. Calcium loss and uptake in the de- and remineralization buffers were assessed daily. Fluoride release into the buffers was analyzed on days 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, and 13. After the pH-cycling period, mineral distribution throughout the lesion depth was analyzed using transversal microradiography (TMR). X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) examined the deposition of silver, titanium, and tin after application of SDF, TiF4, and SnF2, respectively. Overall, calcium loss and uptake analysis in the de- and remineralization buffers revealed that the SDF product was the most effective in inhibiting lesion progression, followed by the TiF4, NaF, and SnF2 products. Fluoride analysis disclosed a steep reduction of the amount of fluoride released into de- and remineralization buffers with time. The fluoride effects on de- and remineralization continued beyond the days that fluoride was released into the buffers. TMR analysis showed significant remineralization in the outer zone of the dentine lesions for all fluoride products, with SDF giving hypermineralization in this zone. In the inner zone, lesions developed in all fluoride groups, with the smallest in the SDF group. EDS showed silver and titanium deposition in depth up to 85 μm and 8 μm, respectively, while no tin deposition was observed. The silver in the dentine lesions did not contribute significantly to the density of the TMR profiles in the SDF group. In conclusion, all topical fluoride products protected the dentine lesions against lesion progression, but at different degrees. SDF showed a superior effect in protection against further demineralization and enhancement of remineralization. This was probably attributed to its fluoride concentration that was the highest among the fluoride products