Mycoplasma hominis brain abscess following uterus curettage: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p><it>Mycoplasma hominis </it>is mostly known for causing urogenital infections. However, it has rarely been described as an agent of brain abscess.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We describe a case of <it>M. hominis </it>brain abscess in a 41-year-old Caucasian woman following uterus curettage. The diagnosis was obtained by 16S rDNA amplification, cloning and sequencing from the abscess pus, and confirmed by a specifically designed real-time polymerase chain reaction assay.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Findings from our patient's case suggest that <it>M. hominis </it>should be considered as a potential agent of brain abscess, especially following uterine manipulation.</p

Diversity of SCCmec Elements in Methicillin-Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Clinical Isolates

in MR-CoNS can generate useful information on the mobilization and evolution of this element.). in MR-CoNS

Pyrosequencing as a tool for better understanding of human microbiomes

Next-generation sequencing technologies have revolutionized the analysis of microbial communities in diverse environments, including the human body. This article reviews several aspects of one of these technologies, the pyrosequencing technique, including its principles, applications, and significant contribution to the study of the human microbiome, with especial emphasis on the oral microbiome. The results brought about by pyrosequencing studies have significantly contributed to refining and augmenting the knowledge of the community membership and structure in and on the human body in healthy and diseased conditions. Because most oral infectious diseases are currently regarded as biofilm-related polymicrobial infections, high-throughput sequencing technologies have the potential to disclose specific patterns related to health or disease. Further advances in technology hold the perspective to have important implications in terms of accurate diagnosis and more effective preventive and therapeutic measures for common oral diseases

Distinctive features of the microbiota associated with different forms of apical periodontitis

Microorganisms infecting the dental root canal system play an unequivocal role as causative agents of apical periodontitis. Although fungi, archaea, and viruses have been found in association with some forms of apical periodontitis, bacteria are the main microbial etiologic agents of this disease. Bacteria colonizing the root canal are usually organized in communities similar to biofilm structures. Culture and molecular biology technologies have demonstrated that the endodontic bacterial communities vary in species richness and abundance depending on the different types of infection and different forms of apical periodontitis. This review paper highlights the distinctive features of the endodontic microbiota associated with diverse clinical conditions

The expansion of the microbiological spectrum of brain abscesses with use of multiple 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing

Background. Brain abscess is commonly treated using empirically prescribed antibiotics. Thus, a comprehensive study of bacterial organisms associated with brain abscess is essential to define the best empirical treatment for this life-threatening condition. Methods. We prospectively compared cultures to single and multiple sequenced 16S ribosomal DNA polymerase chain reaction amplifications (by cloning and/or pyrosequencing) of cerebral abscesses in 20 patients from 2 hospitals in Marseilles, France, during the period January 2005 through December 2007. Results. The obtained cultures identified significantly fewer types of bacteria (22 strains) than did molecular testing (72 strains; P = .017, by analysis of variance test). We found that a patient could exhibit as many as 16 different bacterial species in a single abscess. The obtained cultures identified 14 different species already known to cause cerebral abscess. Single sequencing performed poorly, whereas multiple sequencing identified 49 species, of which 27 had not been previously reported in brain abscess investigations and 15 were completely unknown. Interestingly, we observed 2 patients who harbored Mycoplasma hominis (an emerging pathogen in this situation) and 3 patients who harbored Mycoplasma faucium, which, to our knowledge, has never been reported in literature. Conclusions. Molecular techniques dramatically increased the number of identified agents in cerebral abscesses. Mycoplasma species are common and should be detected in this situation. These findings led us to question the accuracy of the current empirical treatment of brain abscess