Evaluation of laboratory tests for determining the lethal temperature of Vitis labruscana BAILEY Concord roots exposed to subzero temperatures

The roots of 1-year-old dormant Concord plants were subjected to subzero temperatures in a cold box programmed to lower the temperature at -2 °C/h. Temperatures down to -30 °C with -5 °C decrements and -20 °C with -2 °C decrements were used. Electrical conductivity (EC), triphenyl tetrazolium chloride reduction (TTC), and tissue browning (TB) tests were conducted on roots of 1-3 and 4-6 mm in diameter. Growth and survival tests were also conducted. Based on these tests, the lethal temperature of Concord roots was near -5 °C. The plants exposed to -10 °C grew but subsequently died. Lethal temperature of roots indicated by EC and TTC was comparable to that obtained from the survival test. TB tests, though qualitative, were useful in evaluating root injury to tissues and can be used in conjunction with other tests

John Locke and Karl Popper on epistemology and politics A study into the relationship between theory of knowledge and political theory

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