Understanding venous leg ulcers

Venous leg ulcers are open lesions between the knee and the ankle joint, which occur in the presence of venous insufficiency. There are theories to explain the causes of venous insufficiency, which ultimately leads to venous hypertension and can result in leg ulceration. Although many patients present with evidence of venous hypertension, others do not, except for the manifestation of the ulcer. There are risk factors associated with venous insufficiency and a holistic approach must be taken in order to influence the management approach of venous leg ulceration. This article discusses venous insufficiency as a disease process, and explores the nursing assessment process, when assessing venous leg ulcers related to venous insufficiency

STATUS AND DIVERSITY OF ZOOPLANKTON POPULATION IN THE BUDKI DAM OF SHIRPUR, DHULE DISTRICT, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA

Zooplanktons are microscopic heterotropic organisms usually too small, present in aquatic environment. They are present at various depths in their own niches in every type of water bodies.The present investigation deals with the study of monthly changes of diversity and density of Zooplankton in Budki Dam of Shirpur in Maharashtra. The work was carried out for a period of two year from January 2009 to December 2010. The population status of Zooplankton at Budki dam consisted total 51 species of Zooplankton belonging to 30 genera, belong to four groups: Rotifera (28 species), Cladocera (12 species), Copepoda (7 species)  and Ostracoda (4 Species). Quantitatively and qualitatively these four groups administered same sequence as: Rotifera>Cladocera>Copepoda>Ostracoda

Childhood actinic keratosis in an albino transforming into squamous cell carcinoma

Actinic keratosis is a scaly, cutaneous lesion that is often seen in elderly patients. It is almost never seen in children and young adults. It develops on areas such as the face, ears and dorsa of the hands with chronic sun exposure. Actinic keratosis is a premalignant lesion, since histological changes in the epidermis may progress to squamous cell carcinoma if left untreated. There are roughly 70,000 people with albinism in India. These patients are prone to develop actinic keratosis which may undergo spontaneous remission or develop into invasive squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma.We present an unusual case of a 35 year old albino who developed actinic keratosis at the age 15 years which progressed to squamous cell carcinoma

Spinal cystic echinococcosis - a systematic analysis and review of the literature : part 1. Epidemiology and anatomy

Bone involvement in human cystic echinococcosis (CE) is rare, but affects the spine in approximately 50% of cases. Despite significant advances in diagnostic imaging techniques as well as surgical and medical treatment of spinal CE, our basic understanding of the parasite's predilection for the spine remains incomplete. To fill this gap, we systematically reviewed the published literature of the last five decades to summarize and analyze the currently existing data on epidemiological and anatomical aspects of spinal CE