Identification of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism and Pathway Analysis of Apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) Related to Fatty Acid Traits in Indonesian Sheep

This study was aimed to identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and pathway analysis of APOA5 with fatty acids traits in sheep. A total of 47 rams consisted of 20 heads of Javanese Fat Tailed (JFT), 17 heads of Javanese Thin Tailed (JTT), and 10 heads of Garut Composite Sheep (GCS) were used in this study. Fatty acids traits were measured at the age of 12 months with the average body weight of 25-30 kg. Identification of polymorphism of APOA5 (g.26929941 C>T) gene were analyzed using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The pathway analysis of APOA5 gene was performed using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. The SNP of APOA5 gene were found polymorphic with three genotypes (CC, CT, and TT). The gene frequency of CC, CT, and TT were 0.83, 0.11, and 0.06, respectively. The chi square test revealed that the locus of APOA5 (g.26929941 C>T) was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, except in thin tailed sheep. The chi-square values of JFT, JTT, and GCS were 0.05, 0.03, and 0.04, respectively. A SNP of APOA5 was associated (P<0.05) with polyunsaturated fatty acids including eicosapentanoic acid (C20:5n3) and docosahexanoic (C22:6n3) and saturated fatty acid lauric acid (C12:0) in combined population (JFT, JTT, and GCS). Furthermore, pathway analysis showed that APOA5 belonged to phagosome and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) signaling pathway. In conclusion, this analysis has identified APOA5 and related pathway crucial for fatty acid composition and metabolism in sheep, as well as this gene provide molecular marker to select sheepmeat with high unsaturated fatty acid

Математическое моделирование влияния лесного пожара на элементы деревянного строения

Цель исследования: математическое моделирование влияния лесного пожара на элементы деревянного строения. Будет использован конечно-разностный метод. Будут определены численно условия воздействия лесного пожара на элементы деревянного строения.The purpose of the study: mathematical modeling of the impact of a forest fire on the elements of a wooden structure. The finite-difference method will be used. The conditions for the impact of a forest fire on the elements of a wooden structure will be determined numerically

Traditional knowledge of wild edible plants used in Palestine (Northern West Bank): A comparative study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>A comparative food ethnobotanical study was carried out in fifteen local communities distributed in five districts in the Palestinian Authority, PA (northern West Bank), six of which were located in Nablus, two in Jenin, two in Salfit, three in Qalqilia, and two in Tulkarm. These are among the areas in the PA whose rural inhabitants primarily subsisted on agriculture and therefore still preserve the traditional knowledge on wild edible plants.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Data on the use of wild edible plants were collected for one-year period, through informed consent semi-structured interviews with 190 local informants. A semi-quantitative approach was used to document use diversity, and relative importance of each species.</p> <p>Results and discussion</p> <p>The study recorded 100 wild edible plant species, seventy six of which were mentioned by three informants and above and were distributed across 70 genera and 26 families. The most significant species include <it>Majorana syriaca, Foeniculum vulgare, Malvasylvestris</it>, <it>Salvia fruticosa, Cyclamen persicum, Micromeria fruticosa, Arum palaestinum, Trigonella foenum-graecum</it>, <it>Gundelia tournefortii</it>, and <it>Matricaria aurea</it>. All the ten species with the highest mean cultural importance values (mCI), were cited in all five areas. Moreover, most were important in every region. A common cultural background may explain these similarities. One taxon (<it>Majoranasyriaca</it>) in particular was found to be among the most quoted species in almost all areas surveyed. CI values, as a measure of traditional botanical knowledge, for edible species in relatively remote and isolated areas (Qalqilia, and Salfit) were generally higher than for the same species in other areas. This can be attributed to the fact that local knowledge of wild edible plants and plant gathering are more spread in remote or isolated areas.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Gathering, processing and consuming wild edible plants are still practiced in all the studied Palestinian areas. About 26 % (26/100) of the recorded wild botanicals including the most quoted and with highest mCI values, are currently gathered and utilized in all the areas, demonstrating that there are ethnobotanical contact points among the various Palestinian regions. The habit of using wild edible plants is still alive in the PA, but is disappearing. Therefore, the recording, preserving, and infusing of this knowledge to future generations is pressing and fundamental.</p

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