Salinity stress mitigation of some canola cultivars grown under South Sinai conditions using magnetic water technology

Salinity stresses either in irrigation water and/or soil is one of the most serious agricultural problems facing farmers in arid and semi-arid regions included Egypt.  Many areas in the Sinai region depend mainly on the underground water of various degrees of salinity that prevent cultivated crops from reach to the full yield. Under these conditions, a split-plot field experiment using three canola cultivars; Pactol, Serw-4 and Serw-6 under three irrigation water treatments: i) Brackish-water (BW), ii) Magnetic-BW1; brackish water after magnetization through passing a three inch static-magnetic unit,3.75 mT, produced by Delta Water Company, Egypt and iii) Magnetic-BW2; brackish water after magnetization through passing a three inch static magnetic unit, 0.75 mT, produced by Magnetic-Technologies Company, UAE, was carried out at Agricultural Experimental Station of Desert Research Centre, Ras Sidr region, South Sinai Governorate, Egypt during the 2017/18 winter season. The results showed that irrigation with M-BW1 or M-BW2 surpassed irrigation with BW in all tested growth parameters (plant height, branches and leaf number/plant, leaf area, dry matter of leaves, stem and total plant, and total chlorophyll); leaf anatomy (instance, midvein and lamina thickness, length and width of leaf vascular bundle and lower and upper epidermis thickness); stem anatomy (stem diameter and thickness of cortex, xylem and phloem in addition pith diameter) and chemical analysis for mineral content (N, P, K, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn ) at 85 days after sowing (DAS). As an average of both magnetically brackish-water treatments over tested three canola varieties, the percent of improvement compared to irrigation with brackish-water ranged between 10.78-16.02% for growth parameters, 28.33-31.76% for dry matter of plant; 15.58 -80.81% for leaf ; 10.71-63.88% for stems and 2.42-54.48% for mineral content of leaves at 85 DAS. Reverse trends were observed in the best indicators for alleviation salinity stress (Na, and proline), where these decreased under both magnetic brackish water treatments by 66.08 and 43.75%, respectively (average of both magnetically  brackishwater treatments compared to BW water treatment). Generally, the three tested canola varieties showed a positive response under magnetic brackish water treatments. The positive results in above-mentioned parameters of vegetative growth reflected improvement in canola yield and its components. The percent of improvement ranged between 9.35 and 35.98 for yield components and reached1.29,19.66 and 21.30% in seed oil percentage, seeds and oil yield (kg fed-1; fed=4200 m2), respectively compared to brackish water.&nbsp

Stability Indicating Spectrophotometric Methods Determination of Nicardipine in the Presence of its Alkaline Induced Degradation Products

Objective: Derivative, ratio spectra derivative and ratio difference spectrophotometric methods were developed and validated for simultaneous determination of Nicardipine (NIC) in the presence of its alkaline induced degradation products. Methods: In these methods the overlapped spectra of NIC and its alkaline induced degradation products were well resolved by measuring the amplitudes of first derivative (D1) spectra and the second derivative (D2) at 382.3 and 239 nm, respectively. NIC was determined by ratio spectra derivative by measuring the amplitude at 244 nm. The ratio difference spectrophotometric method was developed in which the difference between amplitudes at 237.5 nm and 260 nm of the ratio spectra were recorded. The linearity range for the applied methods was 2-18 μg/ml.Results: All the developed methods were validated according to ICH Guidelines, NIC was determined with acceptable accuracy and precision.Conclusion: These methods were suitable as stability indicating methods for the determination of NIC in the presence of its alkaline induced degradation products either in bulk powder or in a pharmaceutical formulation. Statistical analysis of the results with those obtained by applying a reported method has been carried out revealing high accuracy and good precision.Keywords: Nicardipine, Spectrophotometry, Pharmaceutical preparations, Stability indicating, derivative, ratio derivative and ratio differenc

PHARMACOTECHNICAL DEVELOPMENT AND OPTIMIZATION OF MULTILAYERED TABLETS: AN UPDATED INDUSTRIAL REVIEW WITH EMPHASIS ON BILAYER TABLETS

Fixed-dose combination formulations are multilayered platforms designed for solving complex medication regimens and overcoming polypharmacy problems especially in chronic diseases with geriatric patients. Multilayered tablets are considered promising avenues to combine different active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) for a synergic therapeutic effect, or different formulations of the same API in order to achieve a specific drug release profile. Besides, multilayered tablets can extensively help in avoiding possible interactions between different drugs, as well as optimizing each formulation individually in terms of pharmacokinetics and manufacturability. This review article discusses the most suitable materials used in the manufacturing of multilayered tablets, describes novel approaches to manufacturing improvement and process parameters, the influence of process parameters on layer adhesion, and the characterization tests of multilayered tablets

The Influence of edaphic factors on the level of some physiological parameters for Lycium shawii in Taba Protected Area, Egypt

Abstract: The aim of this article is assess the influence of environmental factors (especially edaphic

Some 3, 5-Diaryl and 1, 3, 5-Triaryl-2-Pyrazoline Derivatives

Abstract: A series of 3,5-diaryl-Δ 2 -pyrazolines (2a-h) were prepared by the reaction of 1,3-diaryl-2-propen-1-ones (1) with hydrazine hydrate and used as precursor for the preparation of 1-acetyl-2-pyrazolines (3a-d). A series of1,3,5-triaryl-2-pyrazolines (6a-h) and (7a-g) were prepared by the reaction of 1,3-diaryl-2-propen-1-ones (1) with phenyl hydrazine and/or 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. Similarly, 3,5-diaryl isoxazoline derivatives (9a,b) were prepared by the 1,3-cyclocondensation of 1,3-diaryl-2-propen-1-ones (1) with hydroxylamine hydro-chloride. Also 1-carbamoyl-, and 1-thiocarbamoyl-2-pyrazoline derivatives (8a-e) and (8f-j) were synthesized. The structures of the new compounds were proved by means of their IR, 1 H-, 13 C-NMR, MS spectroscopic data and microanalysis. All the new compounds were examined for their in vitro antimicrobial activity. Some newly synthesized compounds were examined for their in vitro anticancer activity. In the present investigation, we discuss the structure-activity relationships and biological activities of these compounds

Single puncture percutaneous nephrolithomy for management of complex renal stones

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The purpose of this report is to assess the safety and efficacy of single lower pole access for multiple and branched renal calculi. A prospective non randomized clinical study included 26 patients with complex renal stones (9 patients had branched renal stones and the other 17 had multiple renal stones) in the period from May 2003 to May 2004. Mean patient age was 42 years ± 13.2 (range 18 to 67 years). All patients underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) via a single lower calyceal puncture. Small stones were intactly extracted by a range of stone graspers while large stones (smallest diameter more than 1 cm) were disintegrated using either the pneumatic EMS Swiss lithoclast or Holmium YAG laser. Flexible nephroscope was used for stones inaccessible by the rigid instruments.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>Overall stone-free rate was 74.8%. Patients with residual stones were managed by one session of shock wave lithotripsy (SWL). Mean operative time was (80 minutes ± 27.4) for branched stones and (49.1 minutes ± 15.9) for multiple stones. No significant blood loss reported. Perforation of pelvicalyceal system occurred in 2 patients (11.5%) with no serious sequelae. Only 1 patient developed secondary hemorrhage which necessitated blood transfusion and selective angio-embolization.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In our hands, the efficacy and safety of single lower calyceal puncture PCNL in management of complex renal stones are comparable to those of the general procedure stated in literature.</p

Prevalence and Clinical Significance of SEN-virus and TT- virus Infection in Chronic HCV Patients

Background: SEN virus (SENV) and Torque teno virus (TTV) are blood born viruses. Their effect on the development and progress of liver diseases is still unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and effect of SENV and TTV among chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients. Patients and Methods: two hundred patients with CHC were the subjects of this work. A single blood sample was collected from each patient. Thorough clinical examination and relevant laboratory and radiological investigations were done. SENV and TTV were tested for by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: SENV was identified in 3 and TTV was found in 21 (10.5%) of patients. No statistically significant difference was detected as regards clinical status, laboratory findings or radiological examination between SENV or TTV positive and negative patients. Conclusion: SENV and TTV exist among CHC patients. They had insignificant implications on the course or progression of liver diseases. &nbsp; &nbsp

Saddlepoint p-values for a class of location-scale tests under randomized block design

Abstract This paper deals with a class of nonparametric two-sample location-scale tests. The purpose of this paper is to approximate the exact p-value of the considered class under a randomized block design. The exact p-value of the considered class is approximated by the saddlepoint approximation method, also by the traditional method which is the normal approximation method. The saddlepoint approximation method is more accurate than the normal approximation method in approximating the exact p-value, and does not take a lot of time like the simulation method. This accuracy is proved by applying the mentioned methods to two real data sets and a simulation study