EFFECT OF NON-ENZYMATIC ANTIOXIDANTS IN EXTENDER ON POST-THAW QUALITY OF BUFFALO (BUBALUS BUBALIS) BULL SPERMATOZOA

The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of non-enzymatic antioxidants (vitamin C or E) in tris-citric acid buffer (TCA) on post-thaw quality of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) bull spermatozoa. Split pooled buffalo bull ejaculates were diluted in TCA egg yolk glycerol extender containing either vitamin C (TCAC), vitamin E (TCAE) or without antioxidant (TCAN) at 37°C. Extended semen was cooled to 4C in 2 h and equilibrated for 4 h at 4C. Cooled semen was then filled in 0.5 ml straws at 4C and frozen in programmable cell freezer. Thawing of semen was performed at 37°C for 30 seconds. Sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity and sperm morphology (acrosome integrity, head, mid-piece and tail abnormalities) of each semen sample were evaluated. Percentage of post-thaw spermatozoal motility assessed visually at 0 and 6 h and the post-thaw percentage of spermatozoa with intact plasma membranes at 0 h were higher (P<0.05) with TCAC and TCAE compared to control. However, the differences in both these parameters between the former two groups was non significant. The post-thaw percentage of spermatozoa with normal acrosomes was higher (P<0.05) in TCAE extender than control. Mean sperm abnormalities in samples cryopreserved with extender having TCAC, TCAE or TCAN were similar (P>0.05). In conclusion, non-enzymatic antioxidants, particularly vitamin E, in the tris citric acid extender may improve the quality of frozen-thawed buffalo bull spermatozoa

Effect of the Critical Angular Momentum on Incomplete Fusion Dynamics

An attempt has been made to calculate the critical angular momentum (ℓcrit) from the experimentally measured total ER cross-sections and are compared with Bass model predictions (using PACE-2). A comparison between experimentally measured and theoretically calculated critical angular momentum for the systems 16O + 45Sc and 16O + 74ge has been done. In case of 16O + 45Sc system, it is found that the experimentally measured ℓcrit values are slightly lower than the theoretically calculated values at projectile energies from 66 to 114 MeV. the low values of ℓcrit associated with ICf-channels for this system suggests that at these projectile energies, ICf may not be strictly associated with peripheral collision. Instead there appears to be deeper penetration of the projectile with the target at these beam energies. But for the system 16O +74ge at projectile energies from 65 to 112 MeV, the experimentally measured ℓcrit-values are consistent with theoretically calculated values. this shows that ℓcrit -values associated with ICf channels for this system suggests that at these projectile energies, ICf may be associated with peripheral collision

Influence of Incomplete Fusion Reaction on Complete Fusion Below 10 Mev/ Nucleon Energies

An attempt has been made in the present work to provide an ample opportunity to explore the information about the influence of incomplete fusion (ICF) reaction dynamics on complete fusion in heavy ion induced nuclear reactions. excitation functions for several evaporation residues produced in the interaction of projectile 16O with target 175lu have been measured over the wide projectile energy range ≈ 70-100 MeV. the recoil-catcher activation technique followed by the offline γ-ray spectroscopy has been used for the present measurements. In case of precursor decay, we have made use of Cavinato et al. formulation to calculate the independent cross-section of the identified residues. the measured efs are compared with theoretical predictions of statistical model code PACE-2 and any enhancement in the measured cross-section from theoretical prediction may be due to ICF reaction process. An attempt has been made to estimate the ICf contribution of the cross-section from the measured excitation function data and the dependence of ICf cross-section on projectile energy

Projectile Break-up Effect on Fusion in 16O + 156Gd Reaction at Energy Range 4.3-6.3 MeV/A

103-108We discuss our present understanding of the incomplete fusion (ICF) reaction dynamics, the excitation function of six evaporation residues (ERs) have been measured in 16O + 156Gd reaction at projectile energy range, E/A ~ 4.3-6.3 MeV/Nucleon. Some of the ERs are produced directly & indirectly (i.e. through pre-cursor), the pre-cursor contributions have been separated out from the measured cumulative cross-section with the help of Cavinato et al.1. After correcting the pre-cursor contribution, the independent yield has been compared with the statistical model code PACE-22, which describes the fusion reaction cross section. In order to optimize the parameter of the code PACE-2 that reproduces the cross section of all the complete fusion (CF) channels like xn and /or pxn-channels. Using the same set of input parameters, cross section of the ERs populated via incomplete fusion (ICF) channels have been measured. The enhancement in the measured cross section of the ERs populated via ICF channels over the PACE-2 prediction have been measured, which indicates the occurrence of the break-up of projectile 16O into (12C+α) and/or (8Be+2α) leading to ICF reaction dynamics

Projectile Break-up Effect on Fusion in 16O + 156Gd Reaction at Energy Range 4.3-6.3 MeV/A

We discuss our present understanding of the incomplete fusion (ICF) reaction dynamics, the excitation function of six evaporation residues (ERs) have been measured in 16O + 156Gd reaction at projectile energy range, E/A ~ 4.3-6.3 MeV/Nucleon. Some of the ERs are produced directly &amp; indirectly (i.e. through pre-cursor), the pre-cursor contributions have been separated out from the measured cumulative cross-section with the help of Cavinato et al.1. After correcting the pre-cursor contribution, the independent yield has been compared with the statistical model code PACE-22, which describes the fusion reaction cross section. In order to optimize the parameter of the code PACE-2 that reproduces the cross section of all the complete fusion (CF) channels like xn and /or pxn-channels. Using the same set of input parameters, cross section of the ERs populated via incomplete fusion (ICF) channels have been measured. The enhancement in the measured cross section of the ERs populated via ICF channels over the PACE-2 prediction have been measured, which indicates the occurrence of the break-up of projectile 16O into (12C+α) and/or (8Be+2α) leading to ICF reaction dynamics

Disentangling of incomplete fusion dynamics at low energies ≈ 4-6 MeV/A

371-375An experiment has been performed for the measurements of forward recoil range distributions (FRRDs) of evaporation residues (ERs) using 16O beam on the target 148Nd to explore the incomplete fusion (ICF) dynamics at low projectile energy ≈ 4-6 MeV/A. In the present work, FRRDs of ERs 159,158Er(xn), 160g,159Ho(pxn), 157,155Dy(αxn) and 155Tb(αpxn) have been measured. The measured FRRDs of ERs have been compared with their theoretical mean ranges, calculated using code SRIM. These present results obtained from FRRDs measurements show that full and partial linear momentum transfer components are involved. This indicates that the ERs populated through α-emission channels are not only produced via complete fusion, but also through incomplete fusion dynamics. The present analysis indicates that the incomplete fusion contribution increases with projectile energy. This increment in incomplete fusion contribution is due to the increase in breakup probability of projectile 16O into 12C + 4He/ α with projectile energy

Disentangling of incomplete fusion dynamics at low energies ≈ 4-6 MeV/A

An experiment has been performed for the measurements of forward recoil range distributions (FRRDs) of evaporation residues (ERs) using 16O beam on the target 148Nd to explore the incomplete fusion (ICF) dynamics at low projectile energy ≈ 4-6 MeV/A. In the present work, FRRDs of ERs 159,158Er(xn), 160g,159Ho(pxn), 157,155Dy(αxn) and 155Tb(αpxn) have been measured. The measured FRRDs of ERs have been compared with their theoretical mean ranges, calculated using code SRIM. These present results obtained from FRRDs measurements show that full and partial linear momentum transfer components are involved. This indicates that the ERs populated through α-emission channels are not only produced via complete fusion, but also through incomplete fusion dynamics. The present analysis indicates that the incomplete fusion contribution increases with projectile energy. This increment in incomplete fusion contribution is due to the increase in breakup probability of projectile 16O into 12C + 4He/ α with projectile energy

Effect of projectile breakup in the system 19F + 154Sm

386-391An attempt was made to understand the role of various entrance channel parameters on incomplete fusion dynamics by the measurements of excitation functions of evaporation residues populated via complete and incomplete fusion dynamics in the system 19F + 154Sm at projectile energy &asymp; 4-6 MeV/A. The stacked foil activation technique followed by offline gamma ray spectrometry was employed in these measurements. The measured excitation functions of various evaporation residues populated have been analyzed within the framework of statistical model code PACE-4. It has been observed that the measured excitation functions of xn and pxn emission channels agree well with the theoretical predictions of PACE-4. On the other hand, the measured excitation functions of &alpha;-emission channels have been found significantly enhanced over their theoretical predictions. This enhancement may be attributed to the incomplete fusion of the projectile 19F as the calculations for incomplete fusion are not included in statistical model calculations. The incomplete fusion fraction has been deduced from the present measurements. Further, a systematic study has also been performed, which shows that the incomplete fusion increases significantly with entrance channel mass asymmetry at low projectile energy, differently for different projectiles

Effect of projectile breakup in the system 19F + 154Sm

An attempt was made to understand the role of various entrance channel parameters on incomplete fusion dynamics by the measurements of excitation functions of evaporation residues populated via complete and incomplete fusion dynamics in the system 19F + 154Sm at projectile energy ≈ 4-6 MeV/A. The stacked foil activation technique followed by offline gamma ray spectrometry was employed in these measurements. The measured excitation functions of various evaporation residues populated have been analyzed within the framework of statistical model code PACE-4. It has been observed that the measured excitation functions of xn and pxn emission channels agree well with the theoretical predictions of PACE-4. On the other hand, the measured excitation functions of α-emission channels have been found significantly enhanced over their theoretical predictions. This enhancement may be attributed to the incomplete fusion of the projectile 19F as the calculations for incomplete fusion are not included in statistical model calculations. The incomplete fusion fraction has been deduced from the present measurements. Further, a systematic study has also been performed, which shows that the incomplete fusion increases significantly with entrance channel mass asymmetry at low projectile energy, differently for different projectiles

Bleeding disorders in the tribe: result of consanguineous in breeding

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Objective</p> <p>To determine the frequency and clinical features of bleeding disorders in the tribe as a result of consanguineous marriages.</p> <p>Design</p> <p>Cross Sectional Study</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Countries in which consanguinity is a normal practice, these rare autosomal recessive disorders run in close families and tribes. Here we describe a family, living in village Ali Murad Chandio, District Badin, labeled as haemophilia.</p> <p>Patients & Methods</p> <p>Our team visited the village & developed the pedigree of the whole extended family, up to seven generations. Performa was filled by incorporating patients, family history of bleeding, signs & symptoms, and bleeding from any site. From them 144 individuals were screened with CBC, bleeding time, platelet aggregation studies & RiCoF. While for PT, APTT, VWF assay and Factor VIII assay, samples were kept frozen at -70 degrees C until tested.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The family tree of the seven generations comprises of 533 individuals, 63 subjects died over a period of 20 years and 470 were alive. Out of all those 144 subjects were selected on the basis of the bleeding history. Among them 98(68.1%) were diagnosed to have a bleeding disorder; 44.9% patients were male and 55.1% patients were female. Median age of all the patients was 20.81, range (4 months- 80 yrs). The results of bleeding have shown that majority had gum bleeding, epistaxis and menorrhagia. Most common bleeding disorder was Von Willebrand disease and Platelet functional disorders.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Consanguineous marriages keep all the beneficial and adversely affecting recessive genes within the family; in homozygous states. These genes express themselves and result in life threatening diseases. Awareness, education & genetic counseling will be needed to prevent the spread of such common occurrence of these bleeding disorders in the community.</p